1：Experimental Design and Method Selection

The synthesis involved mixing graphene oxide, titanium propoxide, and oleylamine under magnetic stirring, followed by ultrasonication to form a nanoemulsion. The emulsion was then subjected to microwave-assisted oleothermal treatment at varying temperatures and times.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources

Graphene oxide water dispersion and titanium propoxide were used as precursors. The samples were characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis absorbance, and photoluminescence spectroscopy.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials

Ultrasonic Processor Cole-Parmer, microwave furnace (Sineo, MDS-8G), XRD (Phillips, X’Pert MDP), Raman spectroscope (Renishaw inVia), FTIR (Shimadzu IRAffinity-1), SEM (EVO MA10, Carl Zeiss), TEM (JEM 120, Jeol), UV-Vis spectrometer (Cary Scan 5000), photoluminescence spectrometer (SP?2500, ActonSpectraPro).

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow

The nanoemulsion was treated in a microwave furnace at 150, 170, and 190 °C for 30, 60, and 90 min. Photoelectrodes were prepared using electrophoretic deposition and characterized for photoelectrochemical performance.

5：Data Analysis Methods

The optical properties and band gap were determined using UV-Vis absorbance. Photoluminescence characteristics were evaluated to understand the electron-hole pair separation ability. Photocurrent measurements were conducted to assess the photoactivity of the materials.