摘要： Self-powered photodetectors are considered as a new type of photodetectors enabling self-powered photodetection without external power. The excellent photoresponsivity, fast photoresponse rate, low dark current, and large light on/off ratio of these photodetectors have attracted wide interest among scholars. 2D materials are widely used in self-powered photodetectors due to their excellent optical and electrical properties, unique 2D structures, and their capabilities to exhibit excellent photodetection performance. According to the self-driving mechanism of 2D material-based self-powered photodetectors, they are divided into three categories: p–n junction photodetectors, Schottky junction photodetectors, and photoelectrochemical photodetectors. From these three perspectives, the research progress of 2D material-based self-powered photodetectors is summarized in detail here. Research reports indicate that 2D material-based self-powered photodetectors have excellent self-powered photoresponse behavior, good light on/off characteristics, and wideband spectral response ranges. The excellent photoresponse performance of 2D material-based self-powered photodetectors facilitates their potential applications in the field of optoelectronic devices. In particular, self-powered photodetectors have great potential as novel emerging self-driven optoelectronic devices. Finally, directions for the further development of 2D material-based self-powered photodetectors are anticipated.