摘要： In this work, laser desorption ionization coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LDI–FTICRMS) was used to investigate the molecular composition of a peat fire and laboratory heated soil organic matter (SOM). SOM isolated from soils obtained from unburned and burned sites at Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, were analyzed with LDI–FTICRMS. About 7500 peaks were found and assigned with molecular formulas for each mass spectrum. SOM isolated from fire-affected soil sites are relatively more abundant in low oxygenated classes (e.g., O1–O5) and thermally stable compounds, including condensed hydrocarbon and nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. Abundances of highly condensed hydrocarbon compounds with carbon number > 30 were increased for the fire-affected SOM. In vivo heating experiments were conducted for SOM extracted from unburned sites, and the prepared SOMs were analyzed with LDI–FTICRMS. Overall, the same trend of change at the molecular level was observed from both the laboratory heated and the peat fire-affected SOM samples. In addition, it was observed that heat caused the degradation of SOM, generating lignin and tannin-type molecules. It was hypothesized that they were formed by thermal degradation of high molecular weight SOM. All the information presented in this study was obtained by consuming ~ 5 μg of sample. Therefore, this study shows that LDI–FTICRMS is a sensitive analytical technique that is effective in obtaining molecular level information of SOM.