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Scalable fabrication of organic solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptors

DOI:10.1088/2058-8585/ab5f57 期刊:Flexible and Printed Electronics 出版年份:2019 更新时间:2025-09-12 10:27:22
摘要: Organic solar cells have recently experienced a substantial leap in power conversion efficiency, in part driven by formulations with new non-fullerene acceptors. This has brought the technology past the psychologically important mark of 15 % efficiency for unscaled laboratory devices, and the results are stimulating another burst of research activity. Whether this will propel the technology into a viable commercial contender has yet to be determined, but to realize the potential of organic solar cells for utility scale application, fabrication using scalable processing techniques has to be demonstrated - otherwise, the passing of the 15 % mark will eventually leave no more lasting impact than what the passing of the 10 % mark did. Thus, addressing the scaling lag between the 15 % cell efficiencies of lab-scale devices on rigid glass substrates fabricated using non-scalable techniques and the 7 % efficiencies of scalably fabricated devices on flexible substrates is key. Here, we discuss the concept of scalability and give an account of the literature on non-fullerene acceptor devices fabricated with scalable methods and materials. On the basis of this, we identify three crucial focus points for overcoming the lab-to-fab challenge: i) dual temperature control, i.e. simultaneous control of the ink and substrate temperatures during deposition, ii) systematic in situ morphology studies of active layer inks with new, green solvent formulations during continuous deposition, and iii) development of protocols for continuous solution processing of smooth, transparent interfacial layers with efficient charge transfer to the active layer. Combining these efforts and in general accompanying such studies with stability analyses and fabrication of large-area, scalably processed devices are believed to accelerate the relevance of organic solar cells for large-scale energy supply.
作者: Anders S. Gertsen,Marcial Fernández Castro,Roar R. S?ndergaard,Jens W. Andreasen
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Investigating the scalable fabrication of organic solar cells based on non-fullerene acceptors to overcome the lab-to-fab challenge and realize large-scale energy supply.

The paper concludes that addressing the lab-to-fab challenge through dual temperature control, systematic in situ morphology studies, and development of protocols for continuous solution processing of interfacial layers can accelerate the relevance of organic solar cells for large-scale energy supply. It emphasizes the importance of reporting large-area devices fabricated using scalable deposition techniques alongside laboratory-scale champion devices, preferably accompanied by stability analyses.

The current limitations include materials' compatibility, choice of non-toxic solvents, choice of compatible interface materials, and most importantly, stability and costs. The absence of ITO-, vacuum-, and fullerene-free devices on flexible substrates fabricated using solely fully scalable deposition techniques with efficiencies of more than 2 % underlines the need for a concentrated effort towards this goal.

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