摘要： Photopolymerizable nanoparticle-polymer composite (NPC) is a photonic nanocomposite material consisting of photopolymer uniformly dispersed with nanoparticles (e.g., SiO2 and ZrO2). The distribution of dispersed nanoparticles can be manipulated holographically by light. This technique, the so-called holographic assembly of nanoparticles in polymer, enables us to perform the single step formation of large area photonic lattice structures for photonic applications such as holographic data storage, holographic diffractive elements and nonlinear optics. Furthermore, we showed that holographic NPC gratings could control slow-neutron (cold and very cold neutron) beams for neutron interferometer. Here we demonstrate for the first time the use of nanodiamonds (NDs), an intriguing allotrope of carbon, in NPCs to construct holographic NPC gratings with very large refractive index modulation amplitudes (Δn) and thus to efficiently control light and slow-neutron beams. This is possible because NDs have very high bulk refractive index at optical wavelengths and very large coherent and very small incoherent scattering cross sections with low absorption at slow-neutron wavelengths.