1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved the dispersion of zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4 NPs) of six concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.5 wt%) into the host nematic liquid crystal 7CB. The dielectric and electro-optical properties of pristine and NPs dispersed systems were studied using impedance/gain phase analyser, polarising optical microscopy (POM), and He–Ne Laser for birefringence and optical transmittance measurements.

2：05, 1, 15, 2, 3, and 5 wt%) into the host nematic liquid crystal 7CB. The dielectric and electro-optical properties of pristine and NPs dispersed systems were studied using impedance/gain phase analyser, polarising optical microscopy (POM), and He–Ne Laser for birefringence and optical transmittance measurements. Sample Selection and Data Sources:

2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: The nematic LC 7CB and ZnFe2O4 NPs were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The samples were prepared by ultrasonication to ensure uniform dispersion of NPs into the nematic matrix.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Impedance/gain phase analyser (model HP-4194A), polarising optical microscope (model Radical RXLr-5), He–Ne Laser (5 mW power, 693.2 nm wavelength), programmable function generator (Tektronix, AFG 3021B), and temperature controller mK 2000 interfaced with Wintemp software.

4：2 nm wavelength), programmable function generator (Tektronix, AFG 3021B), and temperature controller mK 2000 interfaced with Wintemp software. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: The dielectric measurements were conducted in the frequency range of 100 Hz–40 MHz. The optical texture and transmittance were obtained by introducing a uniform thin layer of material between crossed polarisers. The threshold voltage was measured by applying voltage to the LC sample cell and observing the switching from the polarising optical microscope.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The permittivity, loss, and conductivity were determined using specific equations. The birefringence was calculated from the measured intensity and phase difference. The threshold voltage and splay elastic constant were obtained from the relation involving dielectric anisotropy and free space permittivity.