1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved the synthesis of CsPbI3 quantum dots (QDs) and their application as an interfacial layer in inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to reduce VOC loss. The methodology included the use of heavily washed QDs as a neutral charged intermedia for alloying reaction to transfer ligands without damaging the perovskite.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

The samples included perovskite films before and after QDs modification, with characterization performed using SEM, XRD, UV-vis absorption, PL, TRPL, UPS, and KPFM.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included a Keithley 2400 source measure unit, AAA class solar simulator (XES-70S1), Enli Technology EQE measurement system (QE-R3011), Agilent E4980A precision LCR meter, and a Bruker FastScan AFM system for KPFM. Materials included CsPbI3 QDs, PTAA, C60, BCP, and Cu.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The process involved the synthesis of CsPbI3 QDs, fabrication of PSCs with and without QDs modification, and characterization of the films and devices.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data analysis included the evaluation of J-V curves, EQE measurements, and stability tests over 1000 hours.