研究目的
The aim of the present work was to check the feasibility of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) as a potential analytical technique for the detection of major and trace inorganic nutrients and trace elements in maize.
研究成果
The elemental compositions of maize stems, leaves and seeds were determined using LIBS and ICP-OES. The LIBS based studies can easily be extended to study the other food items and plant samples due to the minimum sample preparation and much higher detection efficiency.
研究不足
The presence of self-absorption, line broadening and high intensity of the background continuum along with strong matrix effects, influences the performance of LIBS. The presence of self-absorption increases the line width and decreases the peak intensity.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
LIBS was employed to characterize the presence of inorganic nutrients in the maize samples. The system was composed of a Nd: YAG laser capable of delivering 200 mJ at 532 nm with 5 ns pulse width and a 10 Hz repetition rate combined with the LIBS 2000 detection system.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Different maize tissues (stems, leaves and seeds) were collected from Kotli Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. All of the samples were dried and ground in a ball mill. The ground materials were compressed to pellets that were 3 mm in thickness and 1.3 cm in diameter.
3：3 cm in diameter.
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Nd: YAG laser (Brilliant, Quantel, France), LIBS 2000 detection system (Ocean Optics, USA), energy meter (Nova-Quantel), optical fiber with a core diameter 600 mm, four-channel digital/pulse generator (SRS DG535), ICAP 6500 series spectrometer (Thermo Fisher).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The laser beam was focused on the target through a quartz lens with 20 cm focal length in air at atmospheric pressure. The emission from the plume was registered through an optical fiber with a core diameter 600 mm with a 0 to 45 degree collimating lens using a LIBS 2000 system.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The electron number density was evaluated by the use of the Stark broadened profile of calcium line and the plasma temperatures have been determined using the Boltzmann plot method. Calibration-free LIBS (CF-LIBS) has been used for the quantitative elemental analysis of the samples.
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