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All-optical OR/XOR logic gate using PhC-based T-shaped waveguide with high-contrast output to implement 3-bit binary to gray code converter

DOI:10.1007/s11107-019-00868-6 期刊:Photonic Network Communications 出版年份:2019 更新时间:2025-09-16 10:30:52
摘要: In this article, a theoretical analysis on T-shaped waveguide is performed using coupled mode theory which admits its operation as power combiner, splitter and diverter. These applications of the waveguide can very well be utilized to project it as OR and XOR logic gates. In order to achieve this, the T-shaped waveguide is mapped onto the photonic crystal of square-type lattice and the validity is observed with the theoretical analysis. Later, the designed T-shaped waveguide is used to define OR and XOR gates, which results in the contrast ratio and response time of 54.43 dB and < 1 ps, respectively, at 1550 nm. Further, the higher contrast ratio of the T-shaped waveguide-based XOR logic gate allows it to cascade with itself in a single stage to realize a 3-bit binary to gray code converter. The simulation results show that the code converter operates with contrast ratio of above 9.82 dB at the output ports. Finally, the fair results obtained from theoretical analysis and numerical simulation conclude that the T-shaped waveguide can be a potential component as logic gate in the future photonic integrated circuits.
作者: Enaul Haq Shaik,Nakkeeran Rangaswamy
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研究概述 实验方案

To perform a theoretical analysis on T-shaped waveguide using coupled mode theory and define its usage as power combiner, splitter and diverter, and to realize OR and XOR logic gates with high contrast ratio and response time, and to design a 3-bit binary to gray code converter using the T-shaped waveguide-based XOR logic gate.

The T-shaped waveguide can be utilized as a basic and potential component in the design of photonic integrated circuits, with higher contrast ratio and response time for OR and XOR logic functions, and can be cascaded to realize a 3-bit binary to gray code converter.

The wide angle of the waveguide leads to inherent radiation losses, which can be reduced but not suppressed completely by increasing the refractive index contrast between the guided core and the surrounded cladding region.

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