研究目的
To present an overview of the concept of functionally graded materials (FGMs), their processing using laser metal deposition (LMD), and the influence of LMD process parameters on the quality of laser-processed materials, including a study on the microstructure and microhardness of laser deposited compositionally graded 316L/17-4PH.
研究成果
FGMs are a class of advanced materials with exceptional properties and characteristics. The FGM concept allows for tailoring of properties for diverse applications. Compositionally graded AISI 316L and 17-4 PH stainless steel composite was successfully manufactured using LMD technique. The FGM was defect-free and showed no evidence of porosity. The microstructural analysis revealed that the microstructure varied with depth, and a similar trend was observed with microhardness of the structure.
研究不足
The study acknowledges that the wide-scale use of FGMs is hindered by factors such as production cost, limited and reliable production technique. Additionally, additive manufacturing (AM) lags behind conventional processing methods in terms of build speed, volume, accuracy, standardization, and cost, limiting its adoption for mass production.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved the fabrication of a compositionally graded bimetal composite using laser metal deposition (LMD) technique. The methodology included varying the composition of stainless steel powders (316L and 17-4PH) to produce a nine-layered structure.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Two different varieties of stainless steel alloys, 17-4PH and AISI 316L, were used. The substrate was AISI 316 stainless steel plate.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
The LMD system consisted of a
4：0 kW continuous wave Nd:
YAG laser, AGTV PF 2/2 powder feeder, laser deposition head with a coaxial delivery nozzle, and a KUKA industrial robot for motion. Argon was used as both the carrier and cover gas.
5：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The FGM was fabricated by directing the laser beam on the substrate to create a molten pool into which the stainless steel powders were supplied. The powder ratio was varied uniformly from 100% 17-4PH to 100% 316L stainless steel alloy.
6：Data Analysis Methods:
The microstructure was investigated using Tescan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Elemental analysis was conducted using the Oxford Instrument energy dispersion spectrometry. Microhardness was measured using Metknon (MH-3) Vickers indenter.
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