研究目的
To develop a sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor for the detection of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a biomarker for human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), using a novel conjugated polymer/graphene multilayer film.
研究成果
The developed electrochemical sensor based on {PMMAYQ-Graphene}16 multilayer film demonstrated excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and stability for the detection of 1-OHP in human urine samples. The layer-by-layer self-assembly technique provides a promising approach for incorporating nanomaterials into sensor applications.
研究不足
The study focuses on the detection of 1-OHP in urine samples, and the performance of the sensor in other matrices or for other PAH metabolites was not investigated. The stability of the sensor over longer periods and under varying environmental conditions was not fully explored.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
Synthesis of a novel conjugated polymer PMMAYQ via Suzuki coupling reaction and fabrication of a PMMAYQ/graphene multilayer film via layer-by-layer self-assembly technique for electrochemical sensing of 1-OHP.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Human urine samples were collected and pretreated for the determination of 1-OHP.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Graphene and graphene oxide, HP-2β-glucuronidase, 1-OHP, uric acid, and various chemicals for synthesis and electrode modification.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Electrochemical deposition of graphene oxide, layer-by-layer assembly of PMMAYQ and graphene, and electrochemical measurements using CV and DPV.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Linear regression for calibration curve, calculation of detection limit and sensitivity, and comparison with HPLC results.
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FastScan atomic force microscope
FastScan
Bruker
Used for morphology characterization of PMMAYQ/graphene multilayers film.
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JEM-2100 transmission electron microscope
JEM-2100
JEOL
Used for morphology characterization of PMMAYQ/graphene multilayers film.
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LC-10A high performance liquid chromatography
LC-10A
Shimadzu
Used for comparison with the proposed electrochemical method.
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ARX400 spectrometer
ARX400
Bruker
Used for 1H NMR and 13C NMR measurements.
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UV-1800 spectrophotometer
UV-1800
Shimadzu
Used for UV-vis spectra collection.
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SU8100 scanning electron microscope
SU8100
Hitachi
Used for morphology characterization of PMMAYQ/graphene multilayers film.
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Graphene
Nanjing XF Nano Materials
Used in the fabrication of the PMMAYQ/graphene multilayer film for electrochemical sensing.
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Graphene oxide
Nanjing XF Nano Materials
Electrochemically reduced to form part of the electrode modification.
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HP-2β-glucuronidase
Sigma-Aldrich
Used in the enzymatic hydrolysis step of urine sample pretreatment.
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1-hydroxypyrene
Accustandard
Target analyte for detection in the electrochemical sensor.
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CHI660c electrochemical workstation
CHI660c
Chenhua
Used for cyclic voltammogram (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements.
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