1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involves fabricating flexible Cu2Zn1?xCdxSn(S,Se)4 solar cells on Mo foils using a green solution-process with partial Cd substitution for Zn. The methodology includes optimizing selenization conditions and analyzing carrier transportation mechanisms.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Samples were prepared with Cd/(Zn + Cd) molar ratios of 0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, and 10%, keeping other elements unchanged. The precursor solutions were spin-coated on Mo foils and selenized by rapid thermal processing (RTP).

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment includes a Rigaku X-ray diffractometer, Raman microscope, scanning electron microscope (FEI Nova NanoSEM450), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (ESCALAB 250), Keithley 2400 source meter, and Zolix SCS100 QE system. Materials include Cu, Zn, Cd, Sn, S, and Se powders.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The precursor solutions were spin-coated on Mo foils, selenized by RTP, and fabricated into solar cells. The cells were characterized for crystal structure, morphology, valence states, J–V curves, C–V curves, and EQE spectra.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data analysis involved fitting J–V curves using an equivalent circuit model, calculating device parameters, and analyzing the influence of Cd dopant on carrier concentration, depletion width, and built-in voltage.