研究目的
To investigate the maximum transmitted power and maximum EIRP to comply with all major RF EMF exposure standards for array antennas intended for user equipment and low-power radio base stations in 5G mobile communication systems.
研究成果
The obtained results constitute valuable input to the design of future mobile communication systems employing array antennas with beam-forming capabilities. For devices intended to be used in the immediate vicinity of the human body and exposure scenarios where the transmitted energy is directed towards the body, the FCC exposure limits are more restrictive than the ICNIRP and IEEE limits. A global harmonization of the RF EMF exposure limits for frequencies above 6 GHz is desirable with a similar margin of safety as for frequencies below 6 GHz to protect from established adverse health effects.
研究不足
The study was limited to ground-plane backed arrays with canonical dipole elements. For comparable arrays with other antenna elements, a similar behavior is expected with exposure levels of the same order of magnitude.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
Numerical simulations were conducted using the commercial electromagnetic solver FEKO based on the Method of Moments (MoM). Square-shaped ground-plane backed dipole arrays with an inter-element distance of λ/2 were considered.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Arrays with N × N elements, with N ∈ [2 10], were considered for frequencies f ∈ [10 GHz 60 GHz].
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
The antenna ground plane was meshed using triangles with a maximum edge length of λ/
4：The dipoles were modeled as thin wires with a maximum wire segment length of λ/12 and an equivalent radius of λ/Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The electric and magnetic fields were determined in a volume in front of the antenna from x = 0 m to x =
5：5 m with the extent in the y- and z-directions chosen to circumscribe both the face of the array and the location of maximum power density for the maximum considered scan angle. Data Analysis Methods:
The maximum spatially averaged power density over any square-shaped averaging area, Aav, is determined as the real power, P, flowing through Aav.
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