1：Experimental Design and Method Selection

The study utilized laser ablation in gaseous media with two different Nd:YVO4 lasers (532 nm and 1064 nm) to synthesize and deposit copper and copper oxide nanoparticles onto Ti substrates. The process was carried out in open air and in an argon atmosphere.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources

A Copper foil with 99.99% purity was used as a laser ablation target. Titanium discs Grade 2 were used as substrates to collect the ablated material.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials

Nd:YVO4 lasers (532 nm and 1064 nm), Copper foil, Titanium discs, FEI Helios NanoLab 600 dual beam microscope, JEOL JSM 6700F microscope, JEOL JEM 1010 microscope, JEOL JEM 2010F high-resolution transmission electron microscope, PANanalytical X’Pert Pro X-ray diffractometer, Hewlett Packard HP 8452 diode array spectrophotometer, Eppendorf miniSpin centrifuge, Optima 4300 DV ICP-OES.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow

The target was set at a 30 degree angle with the horizontal plane, and the laser beam was focused on its upper surface. Ti substrates were placed almost parallel to the copper target, 10 mm away from the incident point of the laser beam. The laser beam was kept in relative movement with respect to the target at 50 mm/s of scanning speed.

5：Data Analysis Methods

Size, morphology, composition and the crystalline structure of the produced nanoparticles were studied by FESEM, HRTEM, EDS, SAED and XRD. The UV-VIS absorbance of the thin layer of nanoparticles was measured. The antibacterial capacity of the obtained deposits was tested against Staphylococcus aureus.