1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study employed a green and facile method for the fabrication of Graphene/Ag nanocomposite (Gr@AgNCs) using graphite oxide (GO) as graphene precursor and AgNO3 as precursor for Ag nanoparticles, with honey as a reducing and stabilizing agent.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

GO was synthesized by an altered Hummer’s method using graphite powder as a base material. AgNO3 was used as the precursor for Ag nanoparticles.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included XRD (Rigaku D/MAX 22000), TEM (FEI, model Tecnai G2 F30), SEM (Quanta 400 F), FTIR (MATTSON 1000), UV–Visible absorption spectra (VARIAN Cary 50 spectrophotometer), Raman spectroscope (RenishawinVia), and TGA (Perkin Elmer Pyris1). Materials included graphite powder, KMnO4, H2O2, H2SO4, AgNO3, ethanol, diethyl ether, and honey.

4：1). Materials included graphite powder, KMnO4, H2O2, H2SO4, AgNO3, ethanol, diethyl ether, and honey. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: GO was exfoliated using an ultrasonicator, then an aqueous solution of AgNO3 was added, followed by honey and ammonia solution to maintain pH. The mixture was chemically reacted for 60 min, then centrifuged, washed, and dried.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Characterization was done using XRD, TEM, SEM, FTIR, RS, and UV absorption spectra to analyze the structure, morphology, and properties of the synthesized nanocomposite.