研究目的
Investigating the influence of the initial glass composition on the performance of waveguides produced by fs-laser induced element redistribution (FLIER) in phosphate-based samples with different La and K concentrations.
研究成果
The study demonstrates the feasibility of predicting the expected index contrast in fs-laser written waveguides via FLIER for a given glass composition by considering the contribution to the local polarizability of all the species involved in the FLIER process. It highlights the importance of the initial glass composition in determining the performance of the waveguides and shows that waveguides with a refractive index contrast close to 10?2 can be produced even in samples with an initial La2O3 as low as 2 mol·%.
研究不足
The study is limited to phosphate-based glasses with La2O3 and K2O modifiers. The complexity of the FLIER process, including strong temperature gradients, convective flux, plasma, and non-linear propagation effects, adds a large degree of complexity to the phenomenon. The exact mechanisms underlying the directional migration of different species are not fully understood.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved the use of high repetition femtosecond laser irradiation to modify the composition of phosphate-based glasses for producing photonic devices. The methodology included fs-laser writing to induce element redistribution (FLIER) and analyze the refractive index contrast.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Phosphate glass samples with different La2O3 and K2O modifiers were prepared and characterized. The chemical composition was analyzed using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
A femtosecond laser amplifier Satsuma HP was used for laser writing. Other equipment included a MagicX 2400 spectrometer for XRF, a 402 EP dilatometer for thermal expansion measurements, and a S440 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) for EDX compositional analysis.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The samples were cut and polished to optical quality before optical characterization and fs-laser writing. The refractive index was characterized by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Waveguides were produced by scanning the sample transversely to the writing beam.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The refractive index contrast was estimated from local compositional measurements and compared to near field measurements of the guided modes. The contribution to the electronic polarizability of the different glass constituents was analyzed.
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