1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved the fabrication of a highly flexible and conductive paper electrode through electroless deposition using dopamine molecules as an adhesion layer on a newly developed hybrid paper substrate. The hybrid paper was prepared by hot-pressing commercial paper with polypropylene (PP) film to achieve a smooth surface and improved mechanical properties.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

The hybrid paper substrate was selected for its smooth surface, improved mechanical property, flexibility, and high resistance to water. Dopamine was used as an adhesion layer for the electroless deposition of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs).

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Materials included dopamine hydrochloride, ammonium tetrachloropalladate, copper sulfate pentahydrate, and polypropylene film. Equipment used included a hot-press machine, scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The hybrid paper was fabricated by hot-pressing PP film with commercial paper. The paper was then treated with dopamine for adhesion, followed by electroless deposition of Cu NPs. The morphology, mechanical properties, and conductivity of the resulting conductive paper were characterized.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The conductivity of the paper was measured using a four-probe method. The morphology was analyzed using SEM and AFM, and the chemical composition was determined using XPS.