研究目的
To demonstrate the indoor photovoltaic performance of flexible organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with polymeric electrodes compared to reference OPVs with indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes under dim and spectrally-limited indoor light conditions.
研究成果
The flexible OPVs with polymeric electrodes demonstrated superior indoor performance and mechanical stability compared to reference OPVs with ITO electrodes, achieving a PCE of 11.1% under 500-lx LED conditions and retaining 85% of their initial PCE after 500 bending cycles. This highlights the potential of polymeric electrodes for flexible indoor energy harvesting applications.
研究不足
The study focuses on indoor light conditions and may not fully represent performance under outdoor conditions. The mechanical flexibility tests are limited to a bending radius of approximately 8 mm and 500 cycles.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employed a comparative analysis between flexible OPVs with polymeric electrodes and reference OPVs with ITO electrodes under indoor light conditions. The methodology included the fabrication of OPVs, characterization of their photovoltaic performance, and bending tests to assess mechanical flexibility.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The samples included flexible OPVs fabricated on polyethylene naphthalate substrates with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene-sulfonic acid)-based polymeric electrodes and reference OPVs with ITO electrodes.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included a source meter for current density-voltage characteristics, a solar simulator, an LED lamp, an optical microscope, a UV–vis-NR spectrophotometer, a Kelvin probe system, a four-point probe, an atomic force microscope, and a thermal evaporator system. Materials included poly(3-hexylthiophene), indene-C60 bisadduct, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate, polyethylene naphthalate, polyvinyl alcohol, and indium tin oxide.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The fabrication process involved solution preparation, substrate cleaning, layer deposition (PVA, PEDOT:PSS, PEIE, P3HT:ICBA, MoOX, Ag), and device characterization under 1-sun and 500-lx LED conditions. Bending tests were conducted to evaluate mechanical stability.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Photovoltaic parameters (VOC, JSC, FF, PCE) were extracted from J-V characteristics. EQE measurements, optical transmittance, sheet resistance, and surface morphology were analyzed to support the findings.
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poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate
PH1000
Ossila
Used as a polymeric electrode in flexible organic photovoltaics.
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UV–vis-NR spectrophotometer
Cary 5000
Agilent
Used to measure optical characteristics.
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indium tin oxide
AMG
Used as a reference electrode in organic photovoltaics.
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polyethylene naphthalate
Teijin DuPont Films
Used as a substrate for flexible organic photovoltaics.
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polyvinyl alcohol
Used as a buffer layer on polyethylene naphthalate substrates.
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poly(3-hexylthiophene)
4002E
Rieke Metals
Used as a photoactive donor material in organic photovoltaics.
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indene-C60 bisadduct
Luminescence Technology Corp.
Used as an electron acceptor material in organic photovoltaics.
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ethoxylated polyethylenimine
Aldrich
Used for surface modification to reduce work function.
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2-methoxyethanol
Aldrich
Used as a solvent for ethoxylated polyethylenimine.
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chlorobenzene
Aldrich
Used as a solvent for poly(3-hexylthiophene) and indene-C60 bisadduct.
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source meter
2401
Keithley Instruments
Used to measure current density-voltage characteristics.
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solar simulator
McScience
Used for outdoor irradiance simulation.
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LED lamp
McScience
Used for indoor irradiance simulation.
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Kelvin probe system
Besocke Delta Phi
Julich
Used to measure work function values.
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four-point probe
CMTSR1000N
Advanced Instrument Technology
Used to measure sheet resistance.
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atomic force microscope
XE100
PSIA
Used to measure surface roughness.
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thermal evaporator system
Daedong High Tech
Used for depositing MoOX and Ag layers.
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