1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study adapted the idea of dual ionic passivation of quantum dots (QDs) to improve the efficiency and stability of QLEDs. The methodology included simulation of surface trap states, characterization of ligands binding to the surface, and fabrication of QLED devices using ink-jet printing (IJP) process.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

CdSe core and ZnSe shell QDs were synthesized and treated with different ligands (OA, ZnCl2, Zn(OA)2) for surface passivation. The performance of QLEDs fabricated with these QDs was compared.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included a JEOL-2100F TEM for TEM images, Buker D8 Advance Diffractometer for XRD patterns, PHI 5000 VersaProbe X-ray photoelectron spectrometer for XPS data, and a Bruker Dimension ICON AFM for AFM topographies. Materials included CdSe/Cd1-xZnxSe/ZnSe QDs, ZnO nanoparticles, and various ligands for surface passivation.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The QDs were synthesized, purified, and then subjected to solution ligand exchange procedure with different ligands. QLED devices were fabricated by consecutively IJP each layer on glass substrates, followed by encapsulation.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The performance of QLEDs was characterized using current–voltage–luminance measurement, electroluminescence spectra, and lifetime tests. The degradation mechanism was investigated using capacitance–voltage measurements and thermal admittance spectroscopy.