1：Experimental Design and Method Selection

The study employed a hydrothermal method for the synthesis of Ag–RGO/Pt composites and TiO2–RGO/Ag as photoanode. The methodology focused on optimizing the weight ratio of Ag:RGO:Pt and TiO2:RGO:Ag to enhance DSSC performance.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources

Natural flake graphite was used for the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO), which was then reduced to RGO. Silver nitrate and titanium(III) chloride were used for the synthesis of Ag–RGO and TiO2–RGO/Ag composites, respectively.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials

FE-TEM (JEOL JEM-2100F) and FEG-SEM (JEOL JSM-7600F) for morphological analysis, Systronics UV–Visible spectrometer 2202 for optical properties study.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow

The synthesis involved the preparation of RGO, Ag–RGO, Ag–RGO/Pt, and TiO2–RGO/Ag composites. DSSCs were assembled using these materials, and their performance was evaluated under simulated sunlight (1.5 AM).

5：Data Analysis Methods

The photovoltaic performance was measured in terms of short-circuit current (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE). Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to confirm catalytic properties.