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The Paris Agreement 2015 as a Primer for Developing Nigerian Off-grid Solar Electricity

DOI:10.3366/ajicl.2018.0240 期刊:African Journal of International and Comparative Law 出版年份:2018 更新时间:2025-09-10 09:29:36
摘要: The Paris Climate Change Agreement 2015 amassed diverse commentaries from renewable energy proponents and environmentalists. For environmentalists, it represents a vindication of environmental multilateralism given that for the first time in the history of international climate change law, over 196 sovereign states voluntarily subscribed to be bound by a treaty in furtherance of mitigation of climate change. In the same vein, renewable energy promoters applaud it for being the needed catalyst that will exfoliate greenhouse gases from the atmosphere by ushering in a new age dominated by renewable energy and other clean energy sources. The Nigerian government has joined the movement by signing the Agreement and undertaking to develop off-grid renewable solar electricity of 13,000 gigawatts by 2030 in their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs). These targeted off-grid solar electricity would be functional in combating the electricity poverty in Nigeria. Some studies by renowned international bodies are pointers that only 45.6 per cent of the entire Nigerian population had access to electricity in 2016. Even the population that has access to electricity get an average of four hours of erratic supply daily. The electricity problem is largely due to the Nigerian electricity grid. The Nigerian electricity sector is centralised given that electricity is generated in large gas and hydro power stations. Consequently, it is distributed to consumers across Nigeria through a national grid. This grid is unsuitable for the electrification of 65 per cent of the Nigerian rural population because they are in remote rural areas. Secondly, the electricity infrastructures used in Nigeria are old and not adequately maintained. As a result, they frequently break down. Furthermore, these infrastructures are targets for vandals. Owing to the interconnectivity of the grid, regular breakdown or vandalism against a part of the infrastructure disrupts the quality of supply of power from the national grid. Hence, if a one hundred percent electrification rate were to be achieved, Nigeria would have to resort to decentralised electricity which dispenses with the need for the use of a national grid. Thus, the targeted off-grid solar electricity is a welcome development.
作者: Ngozi Chinwa Ole
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Investigating the effectiveness of the Paris Agreement 2015 in securing the development of off-grid solar electricity in Nigeria as part of the country's Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) to combat electricity poverty and mitigate climate change.

The article concludes that the tools of the Paris Agreement, including the compliance mechanism, global stocktake, and transparency framework, are inadequate to secure the development of the targeted 13,000GW off-grid solar electricity in Nigeria due to the absence of binding obligations, the definition of financial aid as concessionary funding, and the non-justiciability of environmental duties under the Nigerian Constitution. It recommends the domestication of relevant parts of the Nigerian NDC and the removal of gas electricity strategies from future NDCs to prioritize off-grid solar electricity development.

The study is limited by its theoretical approach, relying on document analysis without empirical data collection. The effectiveness of the Paris Agreement's tools is speculative, based on their design rather than observed outcomes. Additionally, the political and economic context of Nigeria may present unforeseen challenges not accounted for in the analysis.

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