1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved experimental measurements for two different collector diameters (3.0 and 6.0 m) and numerical simulation to extend the investigation to 9.0 and 12.0 m collector diameters using ANSYS-FLUENT?15 software.

2：0 and 0 m) and numerical simulation to extend the investigation to 0 and 0 m collector diameters using ANSYS-FLUENT?15 software. Sample Selection and Data Sources:

2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: The experimental model was implemented under actual environmental conditions at Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Malaysia.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

The setup included a collector made from Perspex, an absorber of black painted pebble ground, and a chimney made of PVC pipe. Instruments included Type J thermocouples, GRAPHTEC 820 data logger, portable hotwire probe anemometer, and KIMO Solarimeter (SL200).

4：0). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Temperature and velocity measurements were taken over 24 hours for four days. The collector thermal efficiency was calculated based on solar radiation and energy released from the thermal energy storage (TES).

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The numerical simulation involved mesh generation and grid independency studies to predict temperatures and air velocities in the chimney base under various conditions.