摘要： Globally, increasing water pollution and lack of safe drinking water has raised an alarming situation. There are breaching water treatment systems which are increasing the rate of mortality by severely affecting the health and severe health effects due to lack of potable water. This guides us to develop and initiate sustainable solutions for both urban and rural communities. A common solution for many water-related key issues like an assurance to its availability, its reliability, and purity can be dealt with the development of low-tech systems which re?ect and promote long-term sustainable solutions. The following chapter discusses a process that harnesses the solar energy for the removal of arsenic contamination in water, followed by phytoremediation to treat the generated waste to meet the disposal requirements. The chapter also throws light on alternative solutions relying on solar energy for rural development, with economic evaluation to address the vulnerability of residents in context to the changing environment, climate change, and groundwater pollution, etc. The chapter opens new roads of environmental sciences taking the lead for agricultural biotechnological problems of groundwater contamination.