研究目的
Investigating the use of novel nanogold based photosensitisers as optical diagnostic probes and potential photodynamic and photothermal cancer therapeutic agents in an in vitro cancer cell model.
研究成果
The study successfully demonstrated the biocompatibility and photodynamic and phototherapeutic efficacy of star-shaped nanosensitisers in vitro. The nanosensitisers were shown to exert minimal dark toxicity, and significant photodynamic-mediated cell death was observed in the micromolar concentration range. The potential of such novel nanosensitisers as multifunctional optical agents for cancer diagnosis and therapy was highlighted.
研究不足
The study was conducted in vitro, and the findings may not directly translate to in vivo conditions. The efficacy of the nanosensitisers may vary in different cancer types and stages. The study did not explore the long-term effects of the nanosensitisers on healthy cells.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved the synthesis and characterization of novel multi-modal bioconjugated nanosensitisers (NS) as theranostic agents for oral cancer. Two such NS were developed by layering the photosensitisers hypericin (NS1) or chlorin e6 (NS2) onto multi-branched gold nanoparticles with a Raman reporter (DTTCi). The nanosensitiser complex was also bioconjugated to tumour-specific EGFR antibodies forming NS1-EGFR and NS2-EGFR.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Two cell lines, SCC9 (a human tongue squamous cell carcinoma) and MCF7 (a human breast adenocarcinoma), were used. Cells were cultured under standard conditions and treated with various concentrations of nanosensitisers.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Gold nanostars (AuNS) 30-50 nm was synthesized in the aqueous phase by reducing tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4) with HEPES buffer. The Raman reporter, DTTCi, was coated onto the AuNS. Photosensitisers (either hypericin or chlorin e6) conjugated with denatured BSA were then layered onto the DTTCi-tagged AuNS.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
NS, once formed, were characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and fluorescence spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cellular uptake and intracellular localisation of nanosensitisers was assessed using darkfield contrast imaging, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy imaging and quantified using confocal fluorescence microscopy.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapeutic potential of these novel nanosensitisers was assessed. Treated cells were exposed to light of appropriate wavelength and fluence, and cytotoxicity was examined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiozol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.
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