研究目的
To revisit the structural and photocatalytic properties of g-C3N4/TiO2 and evaluate the effectiveness of surface modification of TiO2 by calcination with urea as a route to a 'solar' photocatalyst.
研究成果
The study concludes that while g-C3N4/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalysts show much higher photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation than single-component counterparts, no considerable improvements are found under solar and UV irradiation. The decrease in photocatalytic activity is attributed to the decrease in redox potential upon interfacial charge carrier transfer and the change in surface properties. The research emphasizes the importance of balancing photocatalytic activity in both visible and UV regions for developing efficient solar photocatalysts.
研究不足
The study highlights the technical and application constraints of the experiments, including the decrease in redox potential upon interfacial charge carrier transfer between g-C3N4 and TiO2, and the change in surface properties due to TiO2 surface decoration with hydrophobic polymeric g-C3N4. The research also points out the incompatibility between visible-light-active photocatalyst and solar photocatalyst, suggesting the need for further optimization.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection
The study involves the synthesis of g-C3N4/TiO2 nanohybrids through calcining a mechanical mixture of urea and Evonik Aeroxide P-25 TiO2 (P25) at temperatures ranging from 350 to 500 oC. Various characterization techniques are employed to analyze the phase crystal structure, microstructure, and optical properties of the resultant nanocomposites.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources
The samples are prepared by grinding Evonik Aeroxide? TiO2 P-25 with urea in an agate mortar, followed by calcination at specified temperatures. The photocatalytic properties are evaluated using methylene blue (MB) and Cr(VI) as probe pollutants under different light irradiations.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials
Equipment includes an SDT Q600 V8.0 Build 95 thermoanalytical apparatus for TGA, a Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer for XRD, a Zeiss Supra 40 field-effect scanning electron microscope (SEM) and JEOL JEM-2010 transmission electron microscope (TEM) for morphology and microstructure observation, a Micromeritics ASAP 2020 surface area analyzer for N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, a UV-Vis-NIR scanning spectrophotometer for UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), a fluorescence spectrometer for PL emission spectra, and a Kratos AXIS Ultra DLD X-ray photoelectron spectrometer for XPS measurements.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow
The photocatalytic activity is evaluated in a multichannel photoreactor by measuring the degradation rate of probe molecules or ions under different light irradiations. The concentration of pollutants is monitored using UV-Vis absorption spectra recorded at given time intervals.
5:Data Analysis Methods
The photocatalytic degradation kinetics follow the first-order reaction, and the apparent reaction rate constants are calculated. The data analysis involves fitting software XPSPEAK 4.1 for XPS peak areas and peak decompositions, and the Rietveld refinement technique with the aid of MAUD program for XRD patterns.
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Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer
D8 Advance
Bruker
Used for powder wide-angle XRD measurement.
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Zeiss Supra 40 field-effect scanning electron microscope
Supra 40
Zeiss
Used for observing the morphology and microstructure of mesoporous spheres.
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JEOL JEM-2010 transmission electron microscope
JEM-2010
JEOL
Used for observing the morphology and microstructure of mesoporous spheres.
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UV-Vis-NIR scanning spectrophotometer
UV-3101 PC
Shimadzu
Used for recording UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS).
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Fluorescence spectrometer
F-4600
HITACHI
Used for recording solid-state PL emission spectra.
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Kratos AXIS Ultra DLD X-ray photoelectron spectrometer
AXIS Ultra DLD
Kratos
Used for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements.
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Evonik Aeroxide? TiO2 P-25
P-25
Evonik
Used as a photocatalyst in the study.
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SDT Q600 V8.0 Build 95 thermoanalytical apparatus
SDT Q600 V8.0 Build 95
Used for thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
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Micromeritics ASAP 2020 surface area
ASAP 2020
Micromeritics
Used for obtaining N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms.
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Multichannel photoreactor
PCX-50B Discover
Perfectlight
Used for evaluating the photocatalytic activity of the synthesized photocatalysts.
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300-W Xe lamp
CEL–S500
Aulight
Used for simulated solar illumination (AM 1.5G).
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UV-visible spectrophotometer
UV-1800
Macy
Used for monitoring the concentration variation of molecules or ions left in the suspension.
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