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Revisiting structural and photocatalytic properties of g-C3N4/TiO2: Is surface modification of TiO2 by calcination with urea an effective route to “solar” photocatalyst?

DOI:10.1016/j.cattod.2018.12.015 期刊:Catalysis Today 出版年份:2018 更新时间:2025-09-04 15:30:14
摘要: g-C3N4/TiO2 derived from the surface modification of TiO2 by calcination with urea has been widely studied as a “visible-light-active” photocatalyst for environmental purification applications. However, few attentions have been paid to the structure characterization and the photocatalytic properties of the resultant nanocomposite photocatalysts under a practical sunlight irradiation. Here we employ various characterization techniques, including TGA, XRD, TEM, XPS, UV-Vis spectrum, and N2-sorption analysis to characterize the evolutions in phase crystal structure, microstructure and optical properties of g-C3N4/TiO2 nanohybrids synthesized through calcining a mechanical mixture of urea and Evonik Aeroxide P-25 TiO2 (P25) at 350-500 oC. The thermal pyrolysis of urea leads to the surface decoration of TiO2 with graphitic carbon nitrate (g-C3N4) at temperatures above 400 oC. The photocatalytic properties of the resultant g-C3N4/TiO2 nanoparticles are evaluated through photocatalytic decoloration of methylene blue (MB) and reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) under visible (420 nm), UV (365 nm), and simulated solar light irradiations. The nanohybrid photocatalysts, as most previous studies reported, show much higher photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation than the single-component counterparts, i.e. P25 or g-C3N4. However, under solar and UV irradiation, no considerable improvements are found, which is caused by the decrease in redox potential upon interfacial charge carrier transfer between g-C3N4 and TiO2. Moreover, g-C3N4/TiO2 shows an ultralow photocatalytic activity in Cr(VI) reduction. The surface modification with organic g-C3N4 is assumed to tune the surface properties (e.g. hydrophilicity) of TiO2. Our results demonstrate that photocatalytic activity in UV range is as important as that in visible range, and developing efficient “solar” photocatalysts should balance both since they might be incompatible with each other.
作者: Huixin Zong,Ting Zhao,Guanda Zhou,Ruifeng Qian,Jia Hong Pan
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To revisit the structural and photocatalytic properties of g-C3N4/TiO2 and evaluate the effectiveness of surface modification of TiO2 by calcination with urea as a route to a 'solar' photocatalyst.

The study concludes that while g-C3N4/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalysts show much higher photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation than single-component counterparts, no considerable improvements are found under solar and UV irradiation. The decrease in photocatalytic activity is attributed to the decrease in redox potential upon interfacial charge carrier transfer and the change in surface properties. The research emphasizes the importance of balancing photocatalytic activity in both visible and UV regions for developing efficient solar photocatalysts.

The study highlights the technical and application constraints of the experiments, including the decrease in redox potential upon interfacial charge carrier transfer between g-C3N4 and TiO2, and the change in surface properties due to TiO2 surface decoration with hydrophobic polymeric g-C3N4. The research also points out the incompatibility between visible-light-active photocatalyst and solar photocatalyst, suggesting the need for further optimization.

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