1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved the synthesis of Bi2S3-Gd nanoparticles through modification of hydrophobic Bi2S3 with a smart amphiphilic gadolinium-chelated ligand. The methodology included the use of oleic acid and octadecene for the synthesis of Bi2S3 nanoparticles, followed by their functionalization with Gd-DTPA-OA ligands.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

The samples included Bi2S3 nanoparticles and their gadolinium-functionalized counterparts. Data sources were derived from in vitro experiments involving cancer cell lines (Hela and MCF-7 cells).

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Materials included bismuth neodecanoate, oleic acid, octadecene, thioacetamide, oleylamine, diethylenetriamine pentaacetic dianhydride, and gadolinium chloride hexahydrate. Equipment included a transmission electron microscope, Zetasizer Nano ZS apparatus, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, thermogravimetric analysis instrument, X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The synthesis of Bi2S3 nanoparticles involved mixing bismuth neodecanoate with oleic acid and octadecene, followed by the addition of thioacetamide dissolved in oleylamine. The Bi2S3-Gd nanoparticles were then prepared by functionalizing Bi2S3 with Gd-DTPA-OA ligands. The photothermal performance, biocompatibility, and imaging capabilities of the nanoparticles were evaluated.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The photothermal conversion efficiency was calculated based on temperature changes under laser irradiation. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assay, and imaging capabilities were evaluated through CT and MRI.