研究目的
The aim of the work is to obtain and study the ferroelectromagnetic PFN ceramics synthesized by a chemical-wet technology (solution precipitation method) and sintered by conventional pressureless methods. As a result of the technological process used, the PFN ceramic powder tended to combine into large, hard agglomerates. In order to minimize this adverse phenomenon, at the initial stage of the process, the powder agglomerates were subjected to ultrasound disruption.
研究成果
The paper concludes that the optimal sintering temperature for the PFN ceramic material obtained by chemical-wet technology is 1050 °C/2 h. The study demonstrates that ultrasound treatment of the PFN ceramic powder enables the partial reduction of hard powdery agglomerates, leading to a smaller amount of closed porosity and higher density of the ceramic samples. This optimization extends the possibility of using PFN material for multiferroic composites or multicomponent solid solutions based on PFN, for applications in systems integrating ferroelectromagnetic properties in one device.
研究不足
The study acknowledges the tendency of PFN ceramic powder to form hard agglomerates, which promotes the formation of closed porosity in the ceramic sample. Although ultrasound treatment was applied to minimize this phenomenon, it only partially reduced the hard powdery agglomerates.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The PFN ceramic samples were synthesized by a chemical-wet technology (precipitation from the solution) and subjected to ultrasound to minimize powder agglomerates. The sintering was carried out under various technological conditions, controlling the sintering temperature.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The synthesized PFN ceramic powder was used for the experiments. The samples were prepared under different sintering conditions (1025 °C/2 h, 1050 °C/2 h, 1075 °C/2 h, and 1050 °C/2 h after additional treatments).
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
X-ray powder-diffraction (XRD) was performed on a Phillips X’Pert APD diffractometer, SEM microstructure analysis was conducted on a JSM-7100F TTL LV scanning electron microscope, dielectric measurements were performed on a LCR meter, and DC electrical conductivity was carried out using a Keithley 6517B electrometer.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The PFN powder was pressed into pellets and sintered under various conditions. The samples were then subjected to XRD, SEM, dielectric, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties examinations.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The data were analyzed to determine the crystal structure, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties of the PFN samples.
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