研究目的
To investigate the effect of tuning nitrogen content in graphitic carbon nitride (CN) using isonicotinic acid (IA) as an additive on its photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance.
研究成果
The study successfully demonstrated that tuning the nitrogen content in graphitic carbon nitride using isonicotinic acid as an additive can significantly enhance its photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. Nitrogen-rich and nitrogen-deficient CN samples showed improved light absorption, charge carrier separation efficiency, and photocatalytic activity compared to unmodified CN. This work provides a facile and promising strategy for designing high-performance metal-free photocatalysts for hydrogen production.
研究不足
The study focuses on the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance of CN modified with IA, but the scalability and practical application of the method under industrial conditions are not explored. The long-term stability and recyclability of the catalysts under continuous operation need further investigation.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved the preparation of nitrogen-rich and nitrogen-deficient CN by thermal condensation of urea and IA at different stages of the polycondensation process.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Urea and IA were used as precursors. The samples were characterized using various techniques including SEM, TEM, XRD, FT-IR, XPS, UV-vis DRS, PL, EPR, and photoelectrochemical measurements.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included a muffle furnace, SEM, TEM, AFM, BET surface area analyzer, XRD, FT-IR spectrometer, XPS, UV-vis spectrophotometer, PL spectrometer, EPR spectrometer, and photoelectrochemical system. Materials included urea, IA, TEOA, and H2PtCl6·6H2O.
4：2O. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: The synthesis involved mixing urea and IA, heating at 550 °C, and subsequent characterization and photocatalytic activity evaluation.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using various spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques to understand the structural, optical, and electronic properties of the samples.
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Merlin-Zeiss field emission scanning electron microscope
Merlin-Zeiss
Zeiss
Morphology observation
-
Atomic force microscopy
Multimode 8
Bruker
Thickness measurement
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Bruker GADDS diffractometer
GADDS
Bruker
X-ray powder diffraction
-
Thermo ESCALAB 250Xi
ESCALAB 250Xi
Thermo
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
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Hitachi U-3010 UV-vis spectrophotometer
U-3010
Hitachi
UV/Vis spectra recording
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F-4500 fluorescence spectrophotometer
F-4500
Hitachi
Photoluminescence spectra detection
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Bruker model ELEXSYS-II E500 spectrometer
ELEXSYS-II E500
Bruker
Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra recording
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Q600 SDT thermogravimetric-differential thermal analyzer
Q600 SDT
TA ING
Thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetric analysis
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Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis instrument
3H-2000PSI
Beishide
Surface area measurement
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IR Affiniy-1 FTIR spectrometer
Affiniy-1
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
-
Vario ELIII CHNSO
ELIII
Elemental analysis
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CHI 660C electrochemical system
660C
Chenhua Instruments
Photoelectrochemical experiments
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500 W Xe lamp
CHF-XM
Beijing Changtuo Technology Co. Ltd
Visible light irradiation
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300 W Xe lamp
PLSSXE 300/300UV
Beijing Perfectlight Technology Co. Ltd
Photocatalytic evolution of H2
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PL-W2000 photoradiometer
PL-W2000
Beijing Perfectlight Technology Co. Ltd
Light density adjustment
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Labsolar III AG
Labsolar III AG
Beijing Perfectlight Technology Co. Ltd
Photocatalytic reaction vessel
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Gas chromatography
GC7806
Beijing Shiweipuxin Analytical Instruments Co. Ltd
Hydrogen evolution analysis
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