摘要： Omnidirectional optogenetic stimulation. A wireless, low-power optoelectronic platform, which is based on micro-LEDs, can provide multimodal programmable control over optogenetic stimulation parameters. Optogenetics is a powerful tool for perturbing populations of specific cell types. Here, individual cell types of the central and peripheral nervous systems are tagged with light-sensitive opsins. Specific wavelengths of light can then be used to turn the cells off and on, allowing complex neural circuitry to be dissected. For example, blue light can be used to activate neurons and green light can be used to deactivate neurons depending on the expression of either channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR) or halorhodopsins (Halo), respectively. The technique has been important in elucidating new neural pathways in many preclinical models of disease (including those related to memory, depression, sleep, anxiety, and restoration of vision) and could lead to potential new disease targets.