研究目的
To develop a two-step method for producing stable and impurity-free graphene oxide (GO) dispersions in various organic solvents without the need for stabilizers or chemical modifications.
研究成果
The two-step method successfully produced stable GO dispersions in various organic solvents without stabilizers or chemical modifications. The GO/PVC composites prepared using this method exhibited improved mechanical and electrical properties compared to those prepared by conventional methods.
研究不足
The study focuses on the dispersion of GO in organic solvents and its application in PVC composites. The method's applicability to other polymers or under different conditions was not explored.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employed a two-step method involving exfoliation of graphite oxide in water followed by solvent replacement with organic solvents.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Graphite oxide was synthesized via Hummers’ method and exfoliated in water.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included ultrasonication baths, centrifuges, and various analytical instruments like AFM, XPS, FT-IR, and XRD. Materials included graphite powder, sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate, and various organic solvents.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Graphite oxide was exfoliated in water, then water was replaced with organic solvents through centrifugation and redispersion.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
UV-Vis spectroscopy, AFM, XPS, FT-IR, and XRD were used to analyze the dispersions and composites.
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High-pressure mercury lamp
SX-U1501HQ
Ushio Inc.
Used for photoreduction of GO in composites
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UV–Vis–NIR spectrophotometer
SolidSpec-3700DUV
Shimadzu Corporation
Used for UV–Vis absorption measurements
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Theta Probe
Thermo Fisher Scientific
Used for analyzing chemical states of GO
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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
Spectrum 100
PerkinElmer, Inc.
Used for analyzing chemical states of GO
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X-ray diffractometer
Rigaku Ultima IV
Rigaku
Used for determining layer distances of GO films
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Nano Search Microscope
SFT-3500
Shimadzu Corporation
Used for obtaining CCD camera images of GO/PVC composites
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Force testing machine
EZ-S
Shimadzu Corporation
Used for analyzing mechanical properties of GO/PVC composites
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Thermal analyzer
Thermo plus EVO TG8120
Rigaku
Used for obtaining TG curves of GO films
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Graphite powder
FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation
Starting material for graphite oxide synthesis
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Sodium nitrate
FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation
Used in Hummers’ method for graphite oxide synthesis
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Sulfuric acid
FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation
Used in Hummers’ method for graphite oxide synthesis
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Potassium permanganate
FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation
Used in Hummers’ method for graphite oxide synthesis
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Hydrogen peroxide
FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation
Used in Hummers’ method for graphite oxide synthesis
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Hydrochloric acid
FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation
Used in washing process of graphite oxide
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Centrifuge
Avanti J-26S XP
Beckman Coulter, Inc.
Used for separating graphite oxide and GO fractions
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Ultrasonication bath
US-10NS
SND Co., Ltd.
Used for exfoliating graphite oxide into GO
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PVC
(C2H3Cl)n, n: about 1,100
FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation
Polymer matrix for GO/PVC composites
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Atomic force microscopy
AFM5200S
Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation
Used for determining GO nanosheet morphology
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Field-emission SEM
SU8000
Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation
Used for investigating cross-sectional SEM images of GO/PVC composites
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Function generator
CompactStat
Ivium Technologies
Used for characterizing electrical conducting properties of GO/PVC composites
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