研究目的
To summarize the synthesis and characterization of various inorganic-organic hybrid materials and their applications as adsorbents in heavy metal adsorption processes to address metal pollution.
研究成果
Inorganic-organic hybrid materials synthesized by the sol-gel process are effective adsorbents for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater, combining the functional properties of organic compounds with the benefits of inorganic compounds.
研究不足
The study focuses on specific metal ions and hybrid materials, and the adsorption performance may vary with different pollutants or under different environmental conditions.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The synthesis of inorganic-organic hybrid materials involved the hydrolysis and condensation of metal alkoxide complexes with organic chelate ligands or polymers.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Metal ions such as Cu(II), Fe(III), Pb(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), and Cd(II) were used in adsorption studies.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Instruments included XRD, SEM, EDX, BET, BJH analysis, FTIR spectroscopies, and elemental analysis. Materials included titanium, aluminum, zirconium alkoxides, and GPTS.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The hybrid materials were synthesized, characterized, and then used in batch adsorption experiments to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich models, and pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models.
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