研究目的
To validate the performance of the GROMOS-C radiometer for measuring ozone and wind profiles in the middle atmosphere by comparing it with other reliable instruments and models.
研究成果
GROMOS-C is validated as a reliable instrument for continuous ozone profile measurements with high temporal resolution in the middle atmosphere (30 to 0.02 hPa), showing good agreement with MLS (within 10%), lidar (within 5%), and ECMWF models. It also demonstrates capability for wind profile retrieval, capturing key meteorological features. The multiple calibration methods provide flexibility under varying conditions. Future work should investigate the diurnal ozone cycle in tropical regions.
研究不足
The retrieval reliability is limited to pressure levels between 30 and 0.02 hPa; below 30 hPa, discrepancies increase. High humidity conditions can cause calibration issues, such as baseline ripples from water condensation. The vertical resolution varies from 7 km to 17 km, which is coarser than some reference instruments. Wind measurements have larger uncertainties and a smaller altitude range compared to specialized instruments like WIRA.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved deploying the GROMOS-C radiometer at the Ma?do observatory on La Réunion Island to measure ozone spectra and retrieve vertical profiles using optimal estimation inversion with ARTS2 as the forward model. Wind profiles were retrieved based on Doppler shifts from four observation directions.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Data were collected continuously over 7 months from June 2014 to January 2015. Reference data included ozone profiles from Aura-MLS satellite, a local ozone lidar, weekly radiosondes, wind profiles from the WIRA radiometer, and ECMWF model data.
3:Reference data included ozone profiles from Aura-MLS satellite, a local ozone lidar, weekly radiosondes, wind profiles from the WIRA radiometer, and ECMWF model data.
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: GROMOS-C radiometer, Aura-MLS satellite instrument, ozone lidar, radiosondes (ECC type with M10 meteorological radiosonde), WIRA wind radiometer, ECMWF model outputs, calibration targets (hot load, Peltier load, noise diode), and tipping curve equipment.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
GROMOS-C was operated with sky measurements at 22° elevation in four directions, calibration using multiple methods (hot/Peltier loads, noise diode, tipping curves), spectra recording with 1s integration time, and data inversion for ozone and wind profiles. Validation involved comparing retrieved profiles with reference instruments and models.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Optimal estimation method for inversion, convolution of reference profiles with averaging kernels for comparison, statistical analysis of differences (e.g., relative differences in %), and use of software like ARTS/QPACK for radiative transfer simulations.
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