研究目的
To develop a low-cost and miniaturized apparatus for measuring upconversion luminescence lifetimes using a smartphone, motor, and laser, aiming to overcome the limitations of expensive and bulky traditional instruments and enable point-of-care testing applications.
研究成果
The developed smartphone-based apparatus successfully measures luminescence lifetimes of upconversion materials with high accuracy and low cost, offering a miniaturized alternative to traditional instruments. It demonstrates potential for point-of-care testing in bioanalysis and disease diagnosis, with possibilities for improvement in sensitivity and temporal resolution through longer exposure times or faster motors.
研究不足
The temporal resolution is dependent on spatial resolution of the camera and linear velocity, potentially limiting measurements to lifetimes in the microsecond to millisecond range; requires high exciting power density for upconversion; may have interference from background signals if not properly shielded; and relies on smartphone capabilities which can vary.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The apparatus uses a smartphone with a motor and a 980 nm CW laser to map luminescence decay in time domain to spatial domain via a rotating sample, capturing the luminescence arc with the phone camera. The rotating rate is measured using a tuner APP or Fourier transform of motor noise, and grayscale analysis of the image provides the decay curve for exponential fitting to calculate lifetimes.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Er/Yb and Tm/Yb doped NaYF4 nanocrystals synthesized using reported routes, with a few microliters of cyclohexane suspension immobilized on a filter paper turntable.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Smartphone (Mi 4 or Huawei P9), motor (180PH-4225F, Shenzhen Xinhuatong Inc.), 980 nm laser diode (<100 mW, Zhongshan Shuanghong Electronics Ltd.), filter paper turntable, band-pass filter (400-700 nm, FU-532LGP, Shenzhen Fuzhe Technology Ltd.), batteries or DC power supply, and software (Matlab, tuner APP).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The motor drives the turntable at high speed; the laser excites the sample, emitting a luminescence arc captured by the smartphone camera. The rotating rate is measured via audio analysis or tuner APP. Images are processed in Matlab to extract grayscale values, convert to delay times using angular velocity, and fit to exponential decay functions to determine lifetimes.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Grayscale distribution analysis in polar coordinates, Fourier transform for frequency measurement, exponential fitting (y = A0 + A1 e^{-t/τ}) using Matlab software.
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