研究目的
To design and fabricate a full spectrum responsive In2.77S4/WS2 p-n heterojunction photocatalyst for efficient reduction of Cr(VI) and oxidation of tetracycline under visible and infrared light, addressing environmental pollution issues.
研究成果
The In2.77S4/WS2 p-n heterojunction photocatalyst, with 4 wt% WS2, demonstrated superior photocatalytic activity for Cr(VI) reduction and TC oxidation under visible and infrared light due to enhanced charge separation and light absorption. The heterojunction formation facilitated electron transfer, improving efficiency and recyclability. This work provides insights for developing full-spectrum responsive photocatalysts to combat environmental pollution.
研究不足
The study may have limitations in scalability for industrial applications, potential optimization of WS2 content beyond 4 wt%, and the need for further stability tests under varied environmental conditions. The use of specific light sources (λ > 420 nm) might not cover all solar spectrum parts.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved synthesizing wrinkled n-type WS2 nanosheets via a calcination method and constructing In2.77S4/WS2 p-n heterojunctions using an in-situ hydrothermal method to enhance photocatalytic activity. Theoretical models for band gap energy and charge transfer were applied.
2:77S4/WS2 p-n heterojunctions using an in-situ hydrothermal method to enhance photocatalytic activity. Theoretical models for band gap energy and charge transfer were applied. Sample Selection and Data Sources:
2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: Samples included pure In2.77S4, WS2, and their hybrids with varying WS2 content (2, 4, 6 wt%). Data were obtained from photocatalytic tests, characterization techniques, and electrochemical measurements.
3:77S4, WS2, and their hybrids with varying WS2 content (2, 4, 6 wt%). Data were obtained from photocatalytic tests, characterization techniques, and electrochemical measurements. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included XRD (BRUKER D8), BET surface area analyzer (ASAP 2020, Micromeritics Instrument Corp.), TEM (JEM 2100, JEOL), XPS (ESCALAB 250Xi, Thermo Fisher Scientific), UV-vis DRS (U-4100, Hitachi), electrochemical workstation (CHI760, Shanghai Chenhua), and a 300 W Xenon lamp system (CEL-HXF300, Beijing Zhongjiao Jinyuan Technology). Materials included In(NO3)3·4.5H2O, WO3, thiourea, TAA, and various chemicals from suppliers like Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
4:5H2O, WO3, thiourea, TAA, and various chemicals from suppliers like Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: WS2 was synthesized by calcining a mixture of WO3 and thiourea. Heterojunctions were prepared by dispersing WS2 and In(NO3)3·4.5H2O in water, adding TAA, and hydrothermally treating at 180°C for 12 h. Photocatalytic tests involved irradiating mixtures with Cr(VI) or TC solutions, sampling at intervals, and measuring concentrations with a spectrophotometer. Electrochemical tests used three-electrode setups.
5:5H2O in water, adding TAA, and hydrothermally treating at 180°C for 12 h. Photocatalytic tests involved irradiating mixtures with Cr(VI) or TC solutions, sampling at intervals, and measuring concentrations with a spectrophotometer. Electrochemical tests used three-electrode setups. Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: Data were analyzed using equations for photocatalytic efficiency (C/C0), reaction kinetics (pseudo-first-order model), band gap energy (Tauc plot), and electrochemical impedance. Software tools were not specified.
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X-ray diffraction
D8
BRUKER
Analyze the crystal structure of samples
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Transmission electron microscope
JEM 2100
JEOL
Characterize microstructure with electron beam energy of 200 keV
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Energy dispersive spectroscopy
EDAX
Ametek
Determine elements within photocatalysts, attached in TEM
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X-ray photoelectron spectrometer
ESCALAB 250Xi
Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., Ltd.
Conduct surface chemical composition and states analysis
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UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy
U-4100
Hitachi
Collect UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum
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Automated surface area analyzer
ASAP 2020
Micromeritics Instrument Corp.
Measure BET surface areas using N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms
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Xenon lamp light source system
CEL-HXF300
Beijing Zhongjiao Jinyuan Technology co. Ltd.
Provide visible and infrared light irritation with a 420 nm cut-off filter
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Visible spectrophotometer
UV-722N
Shanghai Precision Instrument Co., Ltd.
Determine concentration of solutions at characteristic bands
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Electrochemical workstation
CHI760
Shanghai Chenhua Co., Ltd.
Measure electrochemical impedance spectra and Mott-Schottky curves
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