1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

ZnO nanostructures were synthesized using a co-precipitation method without surfactants or high temperatures, varying pH (7, 12, 13) to achieve different morphologies (nanorods, nanosheets, nanospheres). Characterization included XRD, FESEM, FTIR, UV-Vis, PL, ESI-MS, and antibacterial assays.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Samples were synthesized from zinc nitrate hexahydrate and sodium hydroxide, with bacterial strains (E. coli and S. aureus) obtained from MTCC-IMTECH.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included X-PERT PRO diffractometer, Hitachi SU8010 FESEM, Bruker X Flash 6100 EDS, PerkinElmer 400 Nicolet FTIR, JASCO V530 UV-Vis, Hitachi F7000 fluorescence spectrometer, Waters ESI-MS. Materials were analytical grade reagents from HiMedia.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Synthesis involved dissolving precursors, adding NaOH dropwise, washing, centrifuging, drying. Characterization and testing followed standard protocols for each technique.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data analyzed using Debye Scherrer's formula for crystallite size, FTIR for bond constants, UV-Vis for band gap, pseudo-first-order kinetics for dye degradation rates, and statistical methods for antibacterial activity.