1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

Conventional melting and quenching method was used to synthesize glass-ceramics samples with different Er2O3 doping concentrations (0-5 wt.%). The rationale was to investigate the effect of erbium oxide on physical, structural, and optical properties.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Samples were prepared from SLS waste glass powder, ZnO (

3：99% purity), and Er2O3 (99% purity). Selection criteria included varying Er2O3 content. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Alumina crucible, electrical furnace, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder, Philips X'pert PRO PW 3040 MPD XRD, FEI NOVA NanoSEM 230 Series FESEM, Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100 Series FTIR spectrophotometer, Perkin Elmer Lambda 35 UV-visible spectrophotometer, Perkin Elmer LS 55 Fluorescence spectrometer. Materials included SLS waste glass, ZnO, Er2O3, PVA.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Mixtures were melted at 1400°C for 2 hours, quenched in water, crushed to powder, pressed into pellets with PVA binder, and heat-treated at 900°C for 2 hours. Characterizations included density measurement, XRD, FESEM, FTIR, UV-visible absorption, and photoluminescence.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Density calculated using Archimedes principle, optical band gap determined from UV-visible data using direct forbidden transition equation, emission spectra analyzed for intensity and wavelength.