研究目的
Synthesis of immobilized cerium doped ZnO nanoparticles through the mild hydrothermal approach and their application in the photodegradation of synthetic wastewater.
研究成果
Immobilized cerium doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized via mild hydrothermal method showed high crystallinity and photocatalytic activity. Optimal conditions: 1% doping, pH 3, higher nanoparticle dosage and glass cross-section, longer contact time. UV light more effective than sunlight. Effective for photodegradation of synthetic wastewater, with potential applications in industrial wastewater treatment.
研究不足
Laboratory-scale study; efficiency lower under sunlight compared to UV; potential impurities in water affecting EDS results; economic considerations for catalyst dosage optimization.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study used a laboratory-scale experimental design with the mild hydrothermal technique for nanoparticle synthesis and a designed reactor for photodegradation. Theoretical models include photocatalysis principles involving hydroxyl radical formation.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Synthetic wastewater was prepared using Direct Blue 15 dye and potassium hydrogen phthalate with COD up to 3000 mg/L. Samples were analyzed for color, COD, EC, turbidity, and pH.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes FTIR (Bruker Tensor 27), XRD (Intel EQUINOX 3000), SEM (Tscan MIRA3), EDS, PL (Avaspect 3648), UV-Vis spectrophotometer, autoclave reactor, oven, and glass plates. Materials include ZnO, CeO2, NaOH/KOH, n-butyl amine, distilled water, and synthetic wastewater components.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Nanoparticles were synthesized hydrothermally at 100°C for 12h, immobilized on glass plates treated with NaOH, and used in a reactor with UV or sunlight illumination. Parameters varied: doping percentage (0-2%), pH (3-11), nanoparticle dosage (1-5% w/v), glass cross-section (50-200 cm2), initial COD (500-3000 mg/L), and contact time (10-120 min). Samples were taken at intervals for analysis.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Removal efficiency calculated using R% = [(Ci - Cf)/Ci] * 100. Data analyzed through spectrophotometry and standard methods for COD, etc.
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Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
Tensor 27
Bruker
Characterization of nanoparticles to identify chemical bonds and functional groups.
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X-ray powder diffraction
EQUINOX 3000
Intel
Analysis of crystalline structure and phase identification of nanoparticles.
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Scanning electron microscope
MIRA3
Tscan
Imaging of nanoparticle shapes and sizes.
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Photoluminance analyses
Avaspect 3648
Measurement of photoluminescence spectra to study optical properties.
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UV-Vis spectrophotometer
Measurement of color and absorbance in wastewater samples.
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Autoclave reactor
General-Purpose
Used for hydrothermal synthesis of nanoparticles.
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Oven
Drying and heating samples during synthesis and immobilization.
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Glass plates
Substrate for immobilizing nanoparticles in the photodegradation reactor.
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UV light bulbs
Light source for photodegradation experiments under UV illumination.
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