研究目的
To synthesize spherical LiZnBO3 material using sol-gel technique and analyze its structural, optical, and electrochemical properties.
研究成果
Spherical LiZnBO3 was successfully synthesized via sol-gel method, exhibiting monoclinic α-phase, spherical morphology with 20-100 nm size, band gap of 5.57 eV, defect-induced luminescence, and electrical conductivity of 9.52 x 10-9 S/cm. Electrochemical performance is poor with low capacity, but can be enhanced by conductive coating and doping for future applications in energy technologies.
研究不足
The LiZnBO3 cathode shows poor electrochemical performance with low discharge capacity and high irreversible capacity loss, attributed to high polarization and SEI layer formation. Limitations include the inability of EDS to detect lithium, and the need for further optimization through particle size reduction, doping, and conductive coating to improve capacity.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The sol-gel technique was chosen for synthesis to achieve spherical morphology and control particle size. Methods include XRD for structural analysis, SEM and TEM for morphology, EDS for elemental analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy for optical properties, PL for luminescence, EIS for electrical conductivity, and galvanostatic charge-discharge for electrochemical performance.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Analytical grade precursors (lithium nitrate, zinc(II) nitrate hexahydrate, boric acid) and propionic acid as solvent were used. Samples were synthesized and characterized in-house.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes SEIFERT – 2002 diffractometer (Model DYEFLAX), SEM (CoXEM CX-200TA), HRTEM (Jeol/JEM 2100), EDS (Thermo scientific Ultra dry Noran 7), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Shimadzu UV-2450 with ISR-240A), spectrofluorometer (JASCO FP-8600), impedance analyzer (Solartron SI 1260), and electrochemical workstation (VSP150 Biologic Science Instruments). Materials include precursors, solvents, acetylene black, polyvinylidene fluoride binder, N-methyl pyrrolidone, aluminum foil, lithium metal foil, and electrolyte (1 M LiPF6 in carbonate solvent).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Precursors were dissolved in propionic acid, stirred, heated to form gel, dried, and calcined. XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, UV-Vis, PL, EIS, and coin cell assembly (CR2032) were performed following standard protocols. Charge-discharge cycling was done at C/10 rate between 2-4.8 V.
5：8 V. Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: XRD data analyzed with X'pert High Score Plus software, crystallite size calculated using Debye-Scherrer equation, band gap determined from Tauc plot, conductivity calculated from Nyquist plot, and capacity measured from charge-discharge curves.
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Scanning electron microscope
CoXEM CX-200TA
CoXEM
Used to analyze the morphology of the LiZnBO3 samples.
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Transmission electron microscope
Jeol/JEM 2100
Jeol
Used for high-resolution imaging to observe particle morphology and size.
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Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
Thermo scientific Ultra dry Noran 7
Thermo scientific
Used for elemental analysis to identify elements present in the LiZnBO3 material.
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UV-Vis spectrophotometer
Shimadzu UV-2450 with ISR-240A
Shimadzu
Used for optical measurements including absorbance spectra to determine band gap.
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Spectrofluorometer
JASCO FP-8600
JASCO
Used for room temperature photoluminescence measurements to study luminescence properties.
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X-ray diffractometer
SEIFERT – 2002, Model DYEFLAX
SEIFERT
Used to record X-ray diffraction patterns for structural analysis of LiZnBO3 material.
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Impedance analyzer
Solartron SI 1260
Solartron
Used for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to measure electrical conductivity.
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Electrochemical workstation
VSP150
Biologic Science Instruments
Used for electrochemical measurements including galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling.
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Coin cell
CR 2032
Used to fabricate half-cells for electrochemical characterization.
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