研究目的
To design and build a high-resolution soft X-ray spectrometer for X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurement of warm dense matter and high-energy density plasma physics, enabling single-shot experiments with high signal-to-noise ratio.
研究成果
The spectrometer achieves high resolving power (up to 540) and signal-to-noise ratio (130 with 10 shots), demonstrating feasibility for time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy of warm dense matter and applications in high-energy density plasma research.
研究不足
The resolution measurements are lower limits due to plasma broadening; the spectrometer requires vacuum conditions and precise alignment; the CCD size limits full spectral coverage in a single shot, necessitating movement for broadband measurements.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The spectrometer uses a grazing incidence toroidal mirror for focusing, an aberration-corrected VLS concave grating for dispersion, and a CCD detector. It is designed for flat-field operation in the 250-1240 eV range.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Calibration used laser-produced plasmas from polyimide and bismuth targets irradiated by a 150 TW laser system, and XFEL sources.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Includes toroidal mirror, VLS grating (Hitachi, Model No. 001-0659), CCD detector (Andor Tech, Model No. iKon L-SO), motorized slits, filters, beam stoppers, and alignment lasers.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Components are aligned in a vacuum chamber; spectra are recorded by moving the detector to cover different energy ranges; calibration involves fitting dispersion equations using known emission lines.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Dispersion relation fitted using least-squares; resolution calculated from FWHM of emission lines; signal-to-noise ratio evaluated from averaged spectra.
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CCD detector
iKon L-SO
Andor Tech
X-ray detector for recording dispersed spectra
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VLS concave grating
001-0659
Hitachi
Dispersive element for spectral dispersion
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toroidal mirror
Focusing optic to increase photon flux density
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slits
Adjustable slits to control spectral resolution
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filter
Suppress visible lights from the source
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beam stopper
Block direct path from source to detector
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zeroth order cutting mirror
Block zeroth order reflection and aid alignment
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alignment laser
For alignment of optical components
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off-axis parabola
F#3
Focusing optic for laser pulses in plasma production
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