研究目的
To assess the efficacy of phototherapy on bond strength and microleakage of bulk fill composites in comparison to conventional dentin surface treatments.
研究成果
Phototherapy with Er,Cr:YSGG laser produced bond strength and microleakage outcomes comparable to conventional etch and bond techniques, while diode laser resulted in poorer performance. MulticCore bulk fill material outperformed ZirconCore in bond strength and microleakage under phototherapy conditions. Future studies should include clinical trials and detailed surface analysis.
研究不足
The study is an in-vitro design, limiting direct clinical applicability. Results are specific to the phototherapy parameters, bonding agents, dentin quality, and bulk fill materials used. Surface profilometry and SEM analysis were not performed, which could provide further insights.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study used an in-vitro design with human third molars divided into groups based on surface conditioning treatments (etch and bond, Er,Cr:YSGG laser, diode laser) and bulk fill composites (ZirconCore and MulticCore Flow). Shear bond strength and microleakage were measured to evaluate bonding efficacy.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Ninety human third molars free from caries, cracks, restorations, and endodontic treatment were used. They were stored in
3:01% thymol at 4°C for a month and prepared by grinding and polishing to standardize dentinal depth. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included a universal testing machine (Instron Model 4400), lasers (Er,Cr:YSGG Biolase-Waterlase I-Plus, diode laser SIROLaser Advance), light-curing unit (Bluephase C8), polishing machine (Aropol 2V), and materials such as phosphoric acid, bonding agents (Harvard bond TE), bulk fill composites (ZirconCore, MulticCore Flow), artificial saliva (NeutraSal), and methylene blue dye.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Teeth were mounted, surfaces were conditioned as per group protocols (etching with acid or laser irradiation), bonding agents were applied and light-cured, composite build-up was done using molds, samples were thermocycled, and then tested for shear bond strength and microleakage using dye penetration and sectioning.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using SPSS with ANOVA and Tukey multiple comparisons test after normality check with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test; significance was set at p<0.05.
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Image Analysis Software
DPsoft
Olympus Optical
Used to calculate microleakage scores from digital images.
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Universal Testing Machine
Model 4400
Instron
Used to apply increasing load for shear bond strength testing on dentin-resin interface.
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Er,Cr:YSGG Laser
Biolase-Waterlase I-Plus
Biolase
Used for surface conditioning of dentin in non-contact mode.
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Diode Laser
SIROLaser Advance
Sirona
Used for surface conditioning of dentin.
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Light-Curing Unit
Bluephase C8
Ivoclar Vivadent
Used to cure bonding agents and composite materials.
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Polishing Machine
Aropol 2V
Arotec
Used for polishing dentin surfaces.
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Bonding Agent
Harvard bond TE
Harvard Dental International
Applied to moist dentin for adhesion.
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Bulk Fill Composite
ZirconCore
Harvard Dental International
Used for core build-up in restorative procedures.
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Bulk Fill Composite
MulticCore Flow
Ivoclar Vivadent
Used for core build-up in restorative procedures.
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Artificial Saliva
NeutraSal
Used for rinsing after laser procedures and storing specimens.
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Isomet Saw
Buehler
Used for sectioning samples in microleakage testing.
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Digital Microscope
Hirox-KH7700
Hirox
Used for measuring microleakage at 50X magnification.
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