研究目的
To investigate the effect of solar irradiations of different intensities on PV, PVT and PVT-PCM systems at outdoor weather conditions, focusing on cell temperature, temperature distribution, thermal energy collection, output electrical power, and overall performance.
研究成果
The novel aluminum thermal collector design in PVT and PVT-PCM systems effectively reduces cell temperature and improves electrical and thermal performance. Numerical and experimental results show good agreement, with PVT-PCM achieving the highest efficiency improvements. The study demonstrates the potential for enhanced solar energy systems in hot climates, with recommendations for future work on optimizing materials and scaling for practical applications.
研究不足
The study is limited to outdoor conditions in Malaysia, which are often cloudy, potentially affecting data consistency. The use of aluminum instead of copper for the thermal collector may have lower thermal conductivity. The PCM's low thermal conductivity could limit heat transfer efficiency. Experimental deviations occurred at lower and higher irradiation levels due to environmental factors.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
A 3D numerical simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics? based on finite element method (FEM) was conducted for PV, PVT, and PVT-PCM systems. The experimental setup involved outdoor testing under free weather conditions with passive cooling via an overhead water tank.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
A polycrystalline silicon PV module (model E310P(S)-011) with an area of 2 m2 was used. Data were collected over approximately 100 days from May to August 2017, with solar irradiations ranging from 50 to 1100 W/m2, but refined for 200 to 1000 W/m
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Instruments included a silicon pyranometer (P1024 model) for irradiations, flow meter (LZM-15) for mass flow rate, K-type thermocouples for temperature, I-V tracer for electrical parameters, and Data Taker DT80 data logger. Materials included aluminum thermal collector, paraffin PCM (A44), and water as working fluid.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The mass flow rate was fixed at
5：5 LPM, inlet water temperature at 32°C, and ambient temperature at 32°C. Data were logged every 60 seconds, with tests conducted from
30 am to 7:00 pm.
6：Data Analysis Methods:
Uncertainty analysis was performed with 95% confidence interval. Numerical results were compared with experimental data using COMSOL for heat transfer and energy balance equations.
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