研究目的
To enhance the photoactivity of TiO2 nanorods by modifying them with S-, N-, O-doped carbon nanosheets for improved photocatalytic degradation of pollutants and photoelectrochemical water splitting under visible light.
研究成果
The SNOC1 material with high surface area and effective doping significantly enhances the photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performance of TiO2 nanorods, attributed to improved charge transfer dynamics, co-catalytic effects, and visible light absorption. This hybrid nanocomposite shows promise for applications in pollutant degradation and water splitting, with recommendations for future studies on other semiconductor combinations and scalability.
研究不足
The study focuses on specific materials (TiO2 and SNOC composites) and may not generalize to other semiconductors. The synthesis and characterization are laboratory-scale, and scalability for practical applications is not addressed. Potential optimizations include exploring other doping elements or composite structures for further enhancement.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involves synthesizing tri-doped mesoporous carbon (SNOC) using carrageenan and urea with silica as a templating agent, and preparing TiO2 nanorod arrays via hydrothermal method. Hybrid nanocomposites are formed by coating TiO2 with SNOC using spin-coating. Methods include XRD, Raman spectroscopy, BET surface area analysis, TEM, XPS, UV-Vis spectroscopy, photocatalytic degradation tests, and photoelectrochemical measurements.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Samples include SNOC1 (with silica template), SNOC2 (without silica), TiO2 nanorods, TiO2 P25, g-C3N4, and their composites. Data are obtained from laboratory synthesis and characterization techniques.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes X'Pert PRO MPD diffractometer, DXR Raman spectroscope, Autosorb iQ analyser, TITAN 60–300 HRTEM, PHI 5000 VersaProbe II XPS system, FLS980 fluorescence spectrometer, Gamry Series G 300 Potentiostat, 150 W xenon lamp, UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Materials include carrageenan, urea, TEOS, titanium n-butoxide, FTO glass, isopropanol, Triton X-100, Rhodamine B, sodium hydroxide.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
SNOC synthesis involves dissolving carrageenan and urea, adding TEOS, gel formation, drying, heating at 550°C, and silica removal. TiO2 nanorods are grown hydrothermally on FTO, annealed, plasma-activated, and coated with SNOC dispersion via spin-coating. Characterization involves XRD, Raman, BET, TEM, XPS, UV-Vis. Photocatalytic tests measure RhB degradation under visible light; PEC tests use a three-electrode cell with NaOH electrolyte under simulated solar light.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data analyzed using X'Pert High Score Plus for XRD, ASiQwin for BET, pseudo-first-order kinetics for photocatalytic rates, and linear voltammetry and chronoamperometry for PEC performance.
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X'Pert PRO MPD diffractometer
X'Pert PRO MPD
PANalytical
Used for X-ray powder diffraction analysis to determine crystalline structure of materials.
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DXR Raman spectroscope
DXR
Thermo Scientific
Used for Raman spectroscopy to analyze molecular vibrations and material composition.
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FLS980 fluorescence spectrometer
FLS980
Edinburgh Instruments
Used for UV-Vis diffuse reflectance absorption spectra to measure optical properties.
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Autosorb iQ analyser
Autosorb iQ
Quantachrome Instruments
Used for nitrogen adsorption isotherms to measure specific surface area and pore structure.
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TITAN 60–300
TITAN 60–300
Used for high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) to image nanostructures.
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PHI 5000 VersaProbe II XPS system
PHI 5000 VersaProbe II
Physical Electronics
Used for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to analyze elemental composition and chemical states.
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Gamry Series G 300 Potentiostat
Series G 300
Gamry
Used for photoelectrochemical measurements to evaluate water splitting performance.
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xenon lamp
150 W
Used as a light source for photocatalytic degradation experiments under visible light.
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UV-Vis spectrophotometer
Used to detect light absorbance spectra for monitoring RhB degradation.
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FTO glass
Used as a conductive substrate for growing TiO2 nanorod arrays.
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TEOS
Used as a silica source for templating in SNOC synthesis.
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titanium n-butoxide
Used as a precursor for hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 nanorods.
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carrageenan
Used as a sulfur, oxygen, and carbon source for SNOC synthesis.
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urea
Used as a nitrogen source for SNOC synthesis.
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Rhodamine B
Used as a model organic pollutant for photocatalytic degradation tests.
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sodium hydroxide
Used as an electrolyte in photoelectrochemical cells for water splitting.
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