研究目的
To develop red-emissive conjugated oligomer/silica hybrid nanoparticles with high affinity for latent fingerprint detection, addressing issues of insufficient affinity and background fluorescence interference.
研究成果
The red-emissive conjugated oligomer/silica hybrid nanoparticles with epoxy groups exhibit high quantum yield (up to 37.7%), excellent photostability (only 15% reduction after 7200 s), and superior affinity for latent fingerprints, enabling clear imaging on various substrates with minimal background interference. The epoxy modification enhances affinity through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, making it a promising, low-cost material for forensic fingerprint detection with applications in challenging environments.
研究不足
The study is limited to laboratory conditions with fingerprints from a single volunteer; real-world variability in fingerprints and environmental factors may affect performance. The synthesis process is complex and may not be easily scalable. The nanoparticles' affinity mechanisms are inferred but not fully proven, and long-term stability in practical forensic applications is not extensively tested.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study used a reverse microemulsion method to synthesize hybrid nanoparticles by covalently doping a red-emissive conjugated oligomer (OFDBT-Si) into silica nanoparticles with epoxy, hydroxy, or amino surface modifications. This design aimed to enhance fluorescence quantum yield, photostability, and affinity for fingerprints. Theoretical models include electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions for affinity mechanisms.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Latent fingerprints were donated by a 26-year-old volunteer and deposited on various substrates (e.g., glass, stainless steel, plastic, paper, leaf). Nanoparticles were synthesized from chemical precursors purchased from suppliers like J&K Chemical and Sigma-Aldrich.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Instruments included a 400 MHz AC Bruker spectrometer for NMR, Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS90 for DLS, ZEISS SUPRA55 SEM, Hitachi U-3900H spectrophotometer for UV-vis, Hitachi F-7000 spectrofluorometer for fluorescence, Horiba Jobin Yvon Nanolog FluoroLog-3-2-iHR320 for quantum yields and photostability, Olympus IX73 fluorescence microscope, and Sony α-6000 digital camera. Materials included chemical compounds like TEOS, GPTMS, APTMS, solvents, and surfactants.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis involved multiple steps: preparation of compounds 1-3 and OFDBT-Si via Suzuki coupling and silane grafting, followed by nanoparticle preparation using reverse microemulsion with silica precursors. Fingerprint development involved dusting nanoparticles onto substrates, removing excess powder, and imaging under UV light. Procedures included characterization of size, zeta potential, absorption, emission, quantum yield, photostability, and fingerprint imaging on various substrates after water immersion and aging.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using spectroscopy techniques, dynamic light scattering for size distribution, zeta potential measurements, fluorescence microscopy for imaging, and statistical comparisons of quantum yields and photostability reductions.
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spectrometer
400 MHz AC Bruker
Bruker
Used for obtaining 1H NMR spectra to characterize chemical structures.
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mass spectrometer
BIFLEX III MALDI-TOF
Bruker Daltonics
Used for mass spectroscopy measurements in matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mode.
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mass spectrometer
APEX II FT-ICR
Bruker Daltonics
Used for mass spectroscopy measurements in electrospray ionization mode.
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dynamic light scattering instrument
Zetasizer Nano ZS90
Malvern
Used to measure size distributions and zeta potentials of nanoparticles.
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scanning electron microscope
SUPRA55
ZEISS
Used to record the morphology of nanoparticles via field emission scanning electron microscopy.
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spectrophotometer
U-3900H
Hitachi
Used for UV–vis absorption spectroscopy from 300 nm to 800 nm.
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spectrofluorometer
F-7000
Hitachi
Used for recording fluorescence emission spectra with excitation at 365 nm.
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fluorescence microscope
IX73
Olympus
Used for recording fluorescence microscopy images of latent fingerprints with excitation at 375 nm.
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spectrofluorometer
Nanolog FluoroLog-3-2-iHR320
Horiba Jobin Yvon
Used for measuring absolute fluorescence quantum yields and photostability with an integrating sphere.
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digital camera
α-6000
Sony
Used for capturing optical and fluorescent photographs under room light and UV lamp.
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UV lamp
Used for excitation at 365 nm during fingerprint imaging.
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