1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study employed an azide-alkyne click chemistry approach for covalent modification. Lyocell fibers were pre-modified with (3-azidopropyl)triethoxysilane to introduce azide groups, and protoporphyrin IX was alkynylated via Steglich esterification. A copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) was used for covalent linkage.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Lyocell fibers (TENCEL VR) were provided by Lenzing AG. Bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) were used for antimicrobial testing.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included FTIR spectrometer (PerkinElmer Frontier), NMR spectrometers (Bruker Avance III HD 400 and Bruker Avance II 400), UV/Vis spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer Lambda 35), SEM (FEI INSPECT S50), elemental analyzer (EURO EA 3000 CHNS-O), and LED panels (Optonica DL2352). Materials included protoporphyrin IX, propargyl alcohol, EDC hydrochloride, DMAP, (3-chloropropyl)triethoxysilane, sodium azide, TBAB, copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, L-ascorbic acid, and various solvents.

4：2). Materials included protoporphyrin IX, propargyl alcohol, EDC hydrochloride, DMAP, (3-chloropropyl)triethoxysilane, sodium azide, TBAB, copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, L-ascorbic acid, and various solvents. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Fibers were swollen in solvents (water, DMSO, DMAc, NaOH, urea), then modified with azidosilane in aqueous NaOH. Alkynylated protoporphyrin was synthesized and attached via CuAAC in DMF with CuSO4 and ascorbic acid. Fibers were washed and characterized. Antimicrobial activity was tested by placing fibers on bacterial lawns under light and dark conditions.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Characterization involved FTIR, NMR, UV/Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, SEM, and EDX. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by visual inspection of inhibition zones.