1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The research involved synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles via coprecipitation and fabricating PAN/ZnO nanofibers using electrospinning. Characterization methods included XRD, SEM, and FTIR to analyze structure and morphology. Piezoelectric properties were tested by bending the device and measuring electrical output with an electrometer and oscilloscope.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized from zinc acetate dihydrate and NaOH. PAN/ZnO nanofibers were prepared with specific mass ratios (e.g., 0.28 g PAN in 3.72 g DMF, mixed with 0.056 g ZnO). Data were obtained from laboratory experiments.

3：28 g PAN in 72 g DMF, mixed with 056 g ZnO). Data were obtained from laboratory experiments. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included magnetic stirrer, syringe pump, electrospinning setup, XRD, SEM, FTIR, electrometer, oscilloscope. Materials included zinc acetate dihydrate, NaOH, PAN, DMF, stainless-steel substrate, aluminum foil.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Steps included dissolving and stirring chemicals, electrospinning with specified parameters (e.g., 10 μL/min flow rate, 14 kV voltage, 8 cm needle-collector distance), coating on substrate, characterization, and electrical testing by bending the device.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

XRD data analyzed with Rietica software for crystal structure and grain size; SEM for morphology; FTIR for functional groups; electrometer and oscilloscope for voltage and current measurements.