1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

A straightforward aqueous method was used to synthesize TGA-capped CdTe NCs and Mn-doped CdTe/CdS core-shell NCs under Ar atmosphere to prevent oxidation. The synthesis involved thermochemical processes with controlled heating times and Mn concentrations.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Samples were prepared with varying Mn:Cd molar ratios (e.g., 2.5%, 5%) to study doping effects. Materials included analytical grade chemicals from specified suppliers.

3：5%, 5%) to study doping effects. Materials included analytical grade chemicals from specified suppliers. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included X-ray diffractometer (X'PertPro), transmission electron microscope (FEI Tecnai G2F30), luminescence spectrometer (Cary Eclipse Varia), FTIR spectrometer (TENSOR-27), XPS system (V.G. Microtech XR3E2 with Specs model EA10 plus analyzer), and EDX analyzer (VEGA TESCAN-XMU). Materials included thioglycolic acid (TGA, Merck), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, Merck), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, Merck), cadmium sulfate octahydrate (CdSO4.8H2O, Merck), thiourea (CH4N2S, Merck), cadmium chloride (CdCl2, Sigma), and tellurium powder (Te, Sigma).

4：8H2O, Merck), thiourea (CH4N2S, Merck), cadmium chloride (CdCl2, Sigma), and tellurium powder (Te, Sigma). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: CdTe NCs were synthesized by mixing NaBH4, Te powder, and DI water under Ar, then adding to a TGA and CdSO4 solution, heating at 100°C for 10h. For core-shell NCs, CdCl2, thiourea, TGA, and DI water were mixed, pH adjusted to 9, CdTe NCs added, deaerated with Ar, and heated at 80°C. Characterization involved TEM, XRD, EDX, XPS, PL, and FTIR measurements.

5：0h. For core-shell NCs, CdCl2, thiourea, TGA, and DI water were mixed, pH adjusted to 9, CdTe NCs added, deaerated with Ar, and heated at 80°C. Characterization involved TEM, XRD, EDX, XPS, PL, and FTIR measurements. Data Analysis Methods:

5. Data Analysis Methods: Data were analyzed to confirm Mn doping through peak shifts in XRD and XPS, elemental composition via EDX, and optical properties via PL spectra to assess emission intensity and band gap changes.