1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study employed ratiometric oxygen imaging using oxygen-sensitive and reference nanoparticles to visualize oxygen dynamics in a model wine solution with submerged oak wood. The method involved using a color camera to capture images based on luminescence from nanoparticles excited by UV light.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

A piece of French oak wood (Quercus Petraea) with distinct anatomical structures (earlywood, latewood, medullary rays) was used. The model wine solution was prepared with ethanol and water at 13% v/v, containing nanoparticles.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included a measurement cell made of PMMA, a UV LED array (405 nm), a Guppy Pro F201C RGB camera, an oxygen optode system (TROXROB3 probe with FirestingGO2 meter), a gas mixer (GM-3), and a spectrophotometer (UV/VIS Lambda 25). Materials included PSPVP nanoparticles, dyes (Pt-TFPP and Macrolex Yellow), ethanol, water, and oak wood.

4：5). Materials included PSPVP nanoparticles, dyes (Pt-TFPP and Macrolex Yellow), ethanol, water, and oak wood. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: The nanoparticles were prepared and stained. The oak wood piece was fixed in the cell, filled with the model wine solution, and imaged every 5 minutes. Oxygen levels were controlled and monitored. Images were acquired with different exposure times (20 ms to 80 ms) to handle varying nanoparticle densities.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Images were analyzed using LabVIEW software to compute ratiometric values (red/green channel ratios) and apply a Stern-Volmer calibration curve for oxygen concentration mapping. A custom procedure combined images from different exposure times to generate accurate oxygen distribution images.