研究目的
Investigating the effects of TiO2 nanoparticles concentration on the phase structure, morphology, chemical composition, microhardness, and corrosion behaviour of Ni-P-TiO2 nanocomposite coatings, and reporting the formation of Ni3Ti intermetallics for the first time in such coatings.
研究成果
The formation of Ni3Ti intermetallics in electrodeposited Ni-P-TiO2 nanocomposite coatings is reported for the first time, with uniform dispersion improving mechanical and corrosion properties. The Ni-P-10 g·L?1 TiO2 coating shows superior microhardness and corrosion resistance due to highest Ni3Ti content and lowest phosphorus. The volume fraction of Ni3Ti is the key factor influencing coating properties, making these coatings promising for aerospace and automotive applications.
研究不足
The study is limited to specific TiO2 concentrations (0-20 g·L?1) to prevent agglomerations, and uses DC electrodeposition only. The corrosion behavior might be affected by the acidic environment and specific electrolyte composition. Uniform dispersion of particles remains a challenge, though addressed with surfactants and ultrasonication.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
Electrodeposition of Ni-P-TiO2 nanocomposite coatings on copper substrates using a DC electrodeposition method with a Watt's bath. The study investigates the influence of TiO2 nanoparticle concentration (0-20 g·L?1) on various properties.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Copper substrates (10 mm × 10 mm × 1 mm) and a nickel plate anode were used. Substrates were polished, degreased, activated, and rinsed before electrodeposition.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes a magnetic stirrer, ultrasonic cleaner, field emission scanning electron microscope (Tescan MIRA 3 FEG-SEM), environmental scanning electron microscope (FEI-quanta 200 E-SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD, D8-advance), Vickers microhardness tester (Novotest T8-MCV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy setup (IviumStat). Materials include nickel sulphate, phosphorous acid, nickel chloride, boric acid, sodium dodecyl sulphate, and TiO2 nanoparticles (rutile, average size 10-30 nm).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Substrates were prepared and placed in a plating bath. The bath was stirred and ultrasonicated before electrodeposition. Coatings were deposited at a constant current density of 10 A dm?2, pH 1, temperature 50°C, stirring speed 300 rpm, for 90 minutes to achieve a thickness of about 70 μm. Post-deposition, coatings were characterized for morphology, composition, microhardness, and corrosion behavior.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
XRD for phase analysis using Debye-Scherer equation for crystallite size, SEM and EDX for morphology and composition, microhardness tests with averaging, EIS and potentiodynamic polarization for corrosion analysis using Tafel extrapolation.
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