研究目的
To propose and analyze two circular semi-quantum secret sharing protocols using single particles, aiming to reduce quantum resource requirements and enhance security against various attacks.
研究成果
The proposed circular SQSS protocols using single particles offer advantages over previous protocols by reducing quantum resource requirements (using single particles instead of entangled or product states) and, in one case, eliminating the need for measurement capability in classical parties. They are secure against common attacks such as measure-resend, intercept-resend, and entangle-measure attacks, and are feasible with current quantum technologies. Future work could focus on experimental validation and addressing practical limitations.
研究不足
The protocols are theoretical and assume ideal quantum devices; practical implementations may face challenges like decoherence, photon loss, and technological constraints in particle preparation and measurement. Security relies on specific attack models, and real-world eavesdropping might involve more sophisticated methods. The circular transmission mode may introduce vulnerabilities to Trojan horse attacks, requiring additional countermeasures like filters and PNS.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study designs two SQSS protocols based on theoretical quantum mechanics principles, involving circular transmission of single particles. The first protocol requires classical parties to have measurement capability, while the second does not. Methods include particle preparation, transmission, measurement, and security checks against attacks.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The protocols use simulated quantum particles (e.g., single photons) as samples, with no specific datasets mentioned; the focus is on theoretical analysis.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Quantum devices for preparing and measuring single particles (e.g., sources for |0>, |1>, |+>, |-> states), filters, photon number splitters (PNS) for security against Trojan horse attacks, but no specific models or brands are detailed.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
For Protocol A (with measurement capability): Step 1 - Alice prepares and sends particles to Bob; Step 2 - Bob measures or reflects particles and sends to Charlie; Step 3 - Charlie measures or reflects and sends back to Alice; Step 4 - Announcements of choices; Step 5-7 - Security checks and error rate calculations; Step 8 - Key establishment. For Protocol B (without measurement capability): Similar steps with reordering and preparation of new particles by classical parties.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Error rates are calculated by comparing measurement results; statistical thresholds are used to detect eavesdropping. Theoretical security proofs are provided using quantum mechanics equations.
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