研究目的
To investigate the performance of 3D sensors with Timepix3 modules, specifically charge sharing, minimum ionising particle charge collection, and charge carrier drift-time, using a planar Timepix3 detector as a benchmark for comparison.
研究成果
The 3D detector shows reduced charge sharing and lower carrier drift-time compared to planar detectors, with similar spectroscopy performance. It offers advantages in high pile-up situations and applications like radiation imaging and high-energy particle detection, without sacrificing the benefits of the Timepix3 module.
研究不足
The 3D detector has a thinner silicon bulk (300 μm) compared to the planar detector (500 μm), which affects energy deposition comparisons. At 0° incident angle for the 3D detector, cluster size cutting was not feasible, requiring an energy-based cut. The calibration accuracy deviates slightly at higher energies, and there are abnormalities in drift-time for certain cluster starts due to electrode design.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The experiment involved testing prototype 3D-Timepix3 detectors and a planar-Timepix3 detector using a 40 GeV/c pion beam at the SPS facilities at CERN. The detectors were mounted in a telescope arrangement for comparison. Methods included energy calibration, clustering of pixel data, and analysis of cluster size, energy spectra, and drift-time.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The detectors used were 3D-Timepix3 (named G10 and G11) and planar-Timepix3 (named F03). Data was collected from the pion beam and radioactive sources (Fe-55, Am-241) and X-ray fluorescence from a cadmium plate for calibration.
3：3). Data was collected from the pion beam and radioactive sources (Fe-55, Am-241) and X-ray fluorescence from a cadmium plate for calibration. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included Timepix3 modules, silicon sensors (3D and planar), Katherine readout interface, precision rotation motors, and the SPS beam line. Materials included radioactive sources and a cadmium plate.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Detectors were energy calibrated, placed in the beam line at various incident angles (0°, 45°, 60°), and data on pixel coordinates, Time-of-Arrival (ToA), and Time-over-Threshold (ToT) was collected. Clustering was performed with specific time windows (300 ns for 3D, 50 ns for planar).
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data analysis involved summing ToT for clusters, scaling to energy, fitting energy spectra to Landau distributions, and statistical analysis of cluster size and drift-time using Gaussian fits and other methods as described.
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